212 On Budding Trees and Shrubs. 



not take. The inhabitants of Vitry, who carry on the greatest com- 

 merce in fruit trees in the neigiiborhood of Paris, use it ahiiost ex- 

 clusively. This mode is that generally used in the British nurseries. 



6. Eacutcheon Budding, iviilwut the Wood ; Greffe en E'cusson 

 denue de Bois. — According to this mode, all the wood is taken 

 away except a speck immediately under the bud ; to the life of 

 which bud, however, that speck is essential. The rest of the pro- 

 cess is as usual. Besides being very suitable for orange trees, this 

 mode of budding is used for all trees having hard wood, such as 

 myrtles, hollies, and all analagous species, whether indigenous or 

 exotic. It can be done either with the growing bud or dormant bud» 



7. Escutcheon Budding, with Pincers ; Greffe en E'cusson a 

 Emportc-piece. — A pair of pincers ought to be made on purpose, 

 with which a piece of bark is taken off the stock. With the same 

 instrument, or with the blade of the grafting-knife, an escutcheon or 

 plate of bark, having a vigorous eye in its centre, is taken off a 

 young shoot of the tree to be propagated. It must be exactly of 

 the same size as the wound made in the stock, in order to fill it with 

 the greatest precision. When it is properly fixed, it is supported by 

 means of grafting-wax or soft wax. This method is excellent for 

 budding old trees, the thick and rugged bark of which is not suitable 

 for the ordinary modes. 



8. Escutcheon Budding, ivith the Eye turned downwards ; Greff'e 

 en E'cusson a Rebours. — The escutcheon is cut in such a manner 

 that the point of the eye, when placed on the stock, is turned down- 

 wards, whether the incision in the stock is made in the usual man- 

 ner, or like a T reversed, thus, j^. By this method, the buds are 

 forced to grow in a direction opposite to that which they would have 

 taken naturally ; but they soon resume their usual position ; and the 

 desired end, viz., that of increasing the size of the fruit by stagnating 

 the returning sap, is thus by no means attained. 



9. Reversed Escutcheon Budding ; Grtffe en E'cusson renverse. 

 (fig. 1.) — The escutcheon is prepared in the form of a triangle ; 

 but instead of bringing it to a point under the eye, it is pointed above 



it. It will be perceived that the incision in the bark of 

 the stock must be also reversed ; that is to say, instead 

 of being in the form of an upright T, it must be like a 

 T turned upside down, as in the figure. To effect this, 

 the longitudinal incision is made above the transversal 

 one, instead of making it below it. It is finished with 

 ligaments and grafting-wax, as the preceding modes. 

 In comparatively cool and moist climates, like that of 

 Britain, the grafting-wax may be dispensed with in such 

 cases as this and the three or four preceding ones. This manner of 

 budding is almost the only one used in the south of Europe, partic- 

 ularly at Genoa and at Hieres, to multiply orange trees. It is also 

 suitable for the propagation of trees having abundant and gummy 



