338 Climate The Mulberry. 



the first winter, though they may never require it after- 

 wards : all these, therefore, are either taken up in autumn 

 and laid in, or otherwise secured; or they are protected at 

 the root where they stand, hy a slight covering at the 

 surface. This is also true of the white mulberry, which 

 always requires protection during the first winter, and is 

 eq\ially true of the young plants of the Morus multicaulis, so 

 valuable, the layers of but a single summer's growth which 

 are separated in the autumn. 



Even some of the hardiest trees of the woods, of a forced 

 growth, require, in our climate, protection daring the first 

 winter, in a state of cultivation so opposed to nature; they 

 jind not, in a highly cultivated and naked soil, that essentially 

 necessary protection and shelter, of moss, or grass, or leaves, 

 which they always find in their own native forests. 



On the northern declivity of Nonantum Hill, and in the 

 bleakest position, I left exposed, last autumn, the young trees 

 of the Morus multicaulis; the tops with no protection; nature's 

 covering of herbage, the only defence at the roots; thus 

 situated, they have borne the winter well. 



During the present summer, at the mansion of the Hon. 

 J. F. Wingate, in Windsor, Maine, near the river Kennebec, 

 and between the latitudes of 44° and 45°, I saw the Morus 

 multicaulis — young trees, which were planted near the 

 summit of a vast and gently rising ground. Nature's cov- 

 ering, of dried herbage, alone protected them at the roots; 

 the tops, exposed, had borne the extreme cold of last winter 

 surprisingly well. 



At Wafpole, in New Hampshire, and at the farm of P. 

 Mason, Esq., are the trees of the Morus multicaulis which 

 have borne, unprotected and uninjured, the rigors of the 

 three last winters. 



I saw, also, during this summer, at the residence of S. V. 

 S. Wilder, Esq., in Bolton, Mass., in a cold and moist soil, and 

 bleak and northerly exposition, the trees of the Morus multi- 

 caulis, which had, unprotected, borne the two last winters 

 well. 



Also I saw, during July of the same summer, at Northamp- 

 ton, and at the place of Mr. Whitmarsh, the trees of this 

 same mulberry of four years old, which had also endured, 

 with no protection, the extreme severity of last winter. 



It is well worthy of remark, that in the immediate neigh- 

 borhood of every place which I have named, except the first 

 mentioned, the thermometer had descended from 30° to 40° 

 below zero, during the coldest days of last winter; while in 

 Mansfield, Connecticut, and elsewhere, even large trees of 

 the common white mulberry, have, during the last winter, 

 suffered badly, or been killed outright. 



