Ancient Horticnlture. 435 



Some graft the vine half a foot below ground ; others, just 

 at the surface of the ground, which is the better way." 



'•'■ Inarching is the best mode of propagating the vine ; it is 

 done as follows: — Bore a hole through the vine you wish to 

 alter, and pass a branch of the better sort, through the hole, 

 and, in two years, cut off the connection between the graft 

 and its original stock. Head in the new stock just above the 

 junction. The two vines are of course supposed to be planted 

 near each other. 



The quality of the fruit of a grafted tree is improved if you 

 graft it over with the same variety, provided your scions 

 come from a tree whose fruit is of better quality." 



^^ Affinities of Fi^uits. Peach on plum, almond, or plane 

 tree. On the bitter almond, the peach is rendered more hardy ; 

 on the plane tree, it produces red peaches. Red peaches are 

 also obtained by pouring cinnabar dissolved in water on the 

 kernel just before it is planted. 



Plum, on pear, quince, or apple. 



Apricot, on plum, or almond. 



Chei'ry, on the turpentine tree. 



Pear, on the pomegranate, quince, almond, mulberry, or 

 on the turpentine tree. On the mulberry, the pears are red. 



Apple, on the wild pear, quince, plane tree, or citron. On 

 the plane tree, it produces red apples. Red apples are also 

 obtained by watering the tree with urine. On the citron, it 

 bears all the year round. 



Quince, on oxyacantha. 



Vine, on myrtle, olive, or cherry. If on the myrtle, the 

 fruit nearest to the stem of a bunch will be myrtle berries. 

 If you work the vine on the cherry, the grapes will ripen in 

 cherry season. This last operation succeeds better if your 

 scions come from a black variety of the grape. 



Fig, on mulberry, or plane tree. 



Citron, on pomegranate, mulberry, or apple. On the mul- 

 berry, it produces red citrons ; on the apple, black citrons. 



Pomegranate, on myrtle, willow, or citron. 



Mulberry, on white poplar, chestnut, beach, apple, turpen- 

 tine tree, wild pear, or elm. On the white poplar, it produces 

 white mulberries. 



Chestnut, on walnut. 



