146 COMMON DISEASES. 



The suhcufaucous tissue may be slightly yellow and infiltrated 

 with yellow colored serum. 



The muscular tissue is frequently pale and flabby, especially 

 in chronic cases. 



The spleen, in cases that succumb during the height of or 

 just after the subsidence of the fever, is much enlarged and dark 

 colored. When held up by one end the contents of the capsule 

 will tend to gravitate to the lower end. When cut into it is black, 

 soft and engorged with blood. 



The liver is enlarged, congested and usually mottled in color, 

 due to bile-injection. The bile is increased in quantity, dark col- 

 ored, thick and ropy, sometimes almost semi-solid. 



The kidneys are usually engorged and dark, and the bladder 

 contains urine varying in color from slightly red to almost black. 



Prognosis. — The death rate in calves under six months old 

 is extremely low. In cattle a year old it may range from ten to 

 twenty-five per cent. In those two years old it will probably be 

 from twenty-five to fifty per cent, and in those over two years 

 old from fifty to eighty per cent. 



Treatment. — This usually proves unsatisfactory. The results 

 scarcely justify the expense and trouble which it entails, except 

 in very valuable animals. During the first stages, when consti- 

 pation is present, a purgative consisting of from one to one and 

 one-half pounds of Epsom salts and one dram of calomel may be 

 given. This should be followed by two to three ounces of hypo- 

 sulphite of soda and from one to four drams of quinine three 

 times a day. When the temperature drops to normal, or below, 

 stimulants should be used freely for a short time and be followed 

 by iron and strychnine until convalescence is established. 



When the first case appears in a herd all other animals that 

 have been similarly exposed to tick infestation should be removed 

 from further danger of such exposure, and thoroughly greased. 

 Any cheap oil will do but if it be one third kerosene, it will be 

 more effective. This will not only kill the ticks already on the 

 animal but prevent others attacking it. An outbreak can usually' 

 be cut short in this way and the losses reduced very considerably. 



Prevention. —Immunity to tick fever in mature animals, so 

 far as we now know, can only be secured through an attack of the 

 disease. Cattle raised on tick infested pastures have been ren- 



