REDWING 



SWINEPIPE WIND THRUSH. 



PLATE C. 

 Turdus iliacus, LINN&US. 



THE Redwing is another winter visitor, nesting only in 

 the pine forests of the Arctic Circle. The nest is 

 placed in the centre of a thorn or other bush, alder, birch, 

 maple, or other tree, or a cluster of stems, and is made of 

 moss, roots, and dry grass outwardly, cemented together 

 with clay, and lined inwardly with finer grass. 



Mr. Wolley says that this bird "makes its nest near 

 the ground, in an open part of the wood, generally in the 

 outskirts, on a stump, a log, or the roots of a fallen tree ; 

 sometimes amongst a cluster of young stems of the birch, 

 usually quite exposed, so as almost to seem as if placed so 

 purposely the walls often supported only by their founda- 

 tion. The first or coarse part of the nest is made for the 

 most part of dried bents, sometimes with fine twigs and 

 moss ; this is lined with a thin layer of mud, and then is 

 added a thick bed of fine grass of the previous year, com- 

 pactly woven together, which completes the structure. 

 Outside is often a good deal of the kind of lichen called 

 reindeer moss, and one nest particularly, which I have 

 preserved, is entirely covered with it; when it was fresh, 



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