GRAFTING. 21 



out the air. The other method, whip or tongue 

 grafting, is so called from the manner of cutting 

 both the stock and scion in a sloping direction on 

 one of their sides, so that when brought together 

 they fit exactly, and thus may be tied together in 

 the manner of a whip-thong to the handle. In 

 former times this species of grafting was perform- 

 ed without a slit or tongue, and in that case the 

 former term was more applicable. Subsequent 

 practice has added the slit or tongue, which has 

 not inaptly given rise to the latter term. In per- 

 forming the first, nothing more is required than 

 merely to cut obliquely at corresponding angles to 

 the stock and scion, so that, when the incisions are 

 brought together, they fit exactly ; then the inner 

 barks of both being brought to unite, on one side 

 at least, a union takes place. The other variety 

 of this mode, that is, tongue grafting, is performed 

 as follows : The scion and stock being cut off 

 obliquely at corresponding angles, cut off the tip 

 of the stock obliquely, or nearly horizontally; 

 make now a slit nearly in the centre of the slop- 

 ing face of the stock downwards, and a similar 

 one in the scion, upwards ; the tongue or wedge- 

 like process forming the upper part of the sloping 

 face of the scion, is then inserted downwards in 

 the cleft of the stock, the inner barks of both be- 

 ing brought closely to unite on one side. Saddle 

 grafting is another method well adapted for stand- 

 ard trees, particularly when the stock is not much 

 larger, in diameter, than the scions to be put on 

 them. In performing this operation, the head of 

 the stock is cut in a wedge-like form ; the scion 

 is then split up the middle, after which each half 

 is pared off to a tongue shape, and is then placed 



