_>() ANATOMY IN A NUTSHELL. 



90 Long bones. There are 30 short bones. They also are developed by osseous 

 it in cartilage and arc found in the extremities. They are found where 

 strength but no1 much motion is required. In each carpus (Plate XXVI.) there 

 ones, viz., scaphoid, semi-lunar, cuneiform, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, 

 08 magnum and unciform, making 8 hones: 2x8 are 16, the number of short 

 bonesinthe two upper extremities. In each ankle. (Plate LIV.)there are 7 bones, 

 viz.. os calcis, astragalus, navicular or scaphoid, cuboid, external cuneiform, 

 middle cuneiform, and internal cuneiform, making 7 short bones in each tarsus; 

 then in the two tarsi there are 2x7 or 14 short bones; the 14 short bones in 

 the lower extremity and the 16 short ones in the upper extremity make the 

 30 short bones. 



LESSON II. 



There are 40 flat bones, all of which are found in the trunk, and head ex- 

 cept four and these are in the extremities. They are the two patellae and two 

 scapulae. The flat bones in the trunk protect the viscera. They are develop- 

 ed by osseous deposits in membranes and consist of two dense layers separated 

 by cellular or cancellated osseous tissue, the diploe. There are the two parie- 

 tal, frontal and occipital in the cranium. In the face there are two nasal, two 

 lachrymal and the vomer. In the thorax 24 ribs and the sternum; then there 

 ate the tun innominata, two patellae, two scapulae, making 40 Hat bones in the 



body. 



There are io Irregular bones. They are found in the trunk and head. 

 They are the 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, coccyx, two temporal, ethmoid. 

 sphenoid and the hones of the face except the two nasal, two lachrymal and 



the Vomer. Then the hvoid holie. 



There are s hones in the cranium. The 4 flat ones are the frontal, two 

 parietal and occipital: the 4 irregular ones are two temporal, sphenoid and 

 ethmoid. 



There are 1 I hones in the face; the 5 tlat ones are the two nasal, two lachry- 

 mal ami vomer. The 9 irregular ones are the two superior maxillary, two 

 malar, two palate, two inferior turbinated and the inferior maxillary. 



Then in the cranium and the face together there are 8 plus 14. making 22 

 hone.-. In the trunk there are 75 hon< s. if the 22 of the head are included. In 

 the trunk without the head there are 53 hones, which are 24 vertebrae, 24 ribs, 

 sternum, sacrum, coccyx and 1 wo innominata. In the extremities there are 



12 1 1 is, 64 in the upper and 60 in thelower. In the pelvis there are 4 bones, 



two innominata. sacrum and coccyx. \oi counting the vertebra' in the cranium 

 there an- :::; vertebra?; 7 cervical, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar. 5 sacral and 4 in the 

 coccyx. There are 12 pairs of iil>-. 7 of which are true and 5 false. 2 of which 

 are float Lng. 



Besides the 200 hones mentioned there are sesamoid bone- which are de- 

 veloped in tendons such as the patellae, but these on account of their size ami 

 shape are called flat ones; and the wormian bones, which are found in the 

 sutures of the skull; and the malleus, incus and stapes found in the middle ear. 



