{li WATOMY JX A NUTSHELL. 



for the Subscapulars muscle; this surface is also called the subscapular fossa- 

 On this surface there arc several oblique lines running from the vertebral bor- 

 der upward and outward, for the attachment of the fascia of the Subscapulars. 

 The vertebral asped of this surface gives attachment to the Serratus magnus, 



which attachment is triangular above and below with a long narrow attach- 

 ment between. The posterior surface, or dorsum, as a whole is convex. It is 

 separated into two parts by a second triangle, which is called the spine of the 

 scapula. The part above the spine is called the supraspinous fossa and is for 

 the Supraspinatus muscle, and the part below is the infraspinous fossa and is 

 I'm- the Infraspinatus muscle. 'This spine separates the upper one-fourth from 

 the lower three-fourth- opposite the deepest part of the subscapular fossa. 

 The superior border is the shortest and has a notch called the suprascapular 

 notch, which i- about at the junction of the external one-third with the in- 

 ternal two-thirds. This notch transmits the suprascapular nerve and is crossed 

 by the transverse ligament of the scapula. The outer extremity of this border 

 i- continued as the coracoid process which may be called a third triangle or 

 rather pyramid; it gives attachment to three muscles, the short head of the Bi- 

 ceps, Coraco-brachialis, and Pectoralis minor. The vertebral or posterior bor- 

 der is the longest and i.- called, the base; it has three muscles attached to it, the 

 Levator anguli scapulae, and the Rhomboideus minor and major. The axillary 

 border is the thickest of the three and would be the longest of the borders if 

 it were continued to meet the superior bonier. It has three muscles attached, 

 i he Teres major and minor and the long head of the Triceps. Then with the 

 axillary border continued to meet the superior border we have a triangle whose 

 base is the vertebral border, whose altitude is the superior border and whose 

 hypotenuse is the axillary border continued, and in this case would be the 

 longest. There is a groove on the axillary border at the junction of the upper 

 one-third with the lower two-thirds, for the dorsalis scapulae artery, and an 

 oblique line separating the attachments of the Teres minor and major. The 

 spine represented a- a triangle will have its base, the anterior border, attached 

 io the dorsum of the scapula from a point about one-fourth the distance from 

 the vertebral border to the glenoid fossa to within half an inch of the glenoid 

 fossa; the portion between the spine and the glenoid fossa is the great scapular 

 notch. The glenoid fossa is the deficiency between the superior and axillary borders, 

 with which the head of the humerus articulates. The altitude is the external 

 border, called by some author.- the base; the posterior border or crest repre- 



■ the hypontenuse of the triangle. The crest, posterior border, or hypo- 

 tenuse is continued outward a- t he acromion process of the scapula and is some- 

 what triangular. Its upper lip gives attachment for the Trapezius and the 

 lower lip to the Deltoid muscle. This process articulates with the clavicle and 

 gives attachment for theligaments of that articulation, beside- to the coraco- 

 acromial ligament, between the spine of the scapula and the vertebral border 

 is a smooth surface for the Trapezius to glide over. 



Ossification. The scapula ha- seven centers of ossification, occasionally 

 it has nine center-. One for the body of the scapula makes its appearance about 

 the eighth week of intrauterine life; the one for the posterior border and also 



