HJO ANATOMY IN A NUTSHELL. 



walls and the loins, arc four on each side, and they arc all connected by longi- 

 tudinal ascending lumbar veins. This ascending vein passes in front of the 

 transverse processes in the lumbar region and gives origin to the azygos vein 

 of it s own side. The left lumbar veins pass behindthe aorta. The pampini- 

 form plexus lies around the spermatic cord in front of the vas deferens and is 

 formed by the spermatic veins which drain the testis and epididymis. This 

 plexus forms three or four main trunks which pass through the inguinal canal 

 to form two veins. These veins accompany the spermatic artery and finally 

 make one trunk. The SPERMATIC VEINS ox the right side empties into the 

 inferior vena cava, while the one ox the left side passes behind the sig- 

 moid flexure to enter the left renal vein. The one on the right side has a valve. 



The plexus in the broad ligament near the ovary and around the fallopian 

 tube i> formed by the ovarian veins and communicates with the uterine plexus. 

 These ovarian veins are similar to tin- spermatic veins, that is the one on the 

 light side empties into the inferior vena cava, while the one on the left side 

 empties into the left renal vein. 



The renal veins lie in front of their companion arteries which is an exception 

 for the veins below the Diaphragm. The left vein passes in front of the aorta 

 w lute it empiii s into the inft rior vena cava at a higher level than the right, and 

 is the longer of tin- two renal veins. Its radicles are the left spermatic or ovar- 

 ian, Li f1 inferior phrenic, and most always the left suprarenal. 



The left suprarenal vein empties into the left renal or phrenic while the 

 tight empties into the inferior vena cava. 



The two superior phrenic veins end in the internal mammary vein, after 

 accompanying the phrenic nerve and comes nervi phrenici artery. The two 

 im'i rior phrenic veins accompany the phrenic arteries and join the inferior vena 

 cava on the righl side and the left renal V( in on the left side. 



LESSON LI. 



The hepatic veins begin in the liver in the capillaries of the intralobular 

 v< in- and form three main v< ins which empty into the inferior vena cava as it 

 lies in the groove on the posterior surface of the liver. There are' no valves in 

 these v< ins. The blood which passes Lhrough the portal vein goes through the 

 following vessels: those on the' left; before it reaches the inferior vena cava: 

 while i hoe i n the righl represent the vessels used by the Hepatic artery. 



1. Portal vein 1. Hepatic artery 



2. Interlobular vein 2. Interlobular artery 



.'!. Intralobular capillary plexus 3. Its own intralobular capillaries 



4. Intralobular vein 4. Portal intralobular capillary plexus 



5. Sublobular vein 5. Intralobular vein 



6. Hepatic vein 6. Sublobular vein 



7. Inferior vena cava 7. Hepatic vein 



8. Inferior vena cava. 

 It will be noticed that the blood which passe-s through the Portal vein and 

 t he 1 h pat ic artery has a similar route through the> last five vessels. 



