192 ANATOMY IN A NUTSHELL. 



The veins of the lower extremity are divided into a superficial and deep set 

 like those of the upper extremity, but the valves are more numerous. The 

 superficial veins of the lower extremity lie between the two layers of the super- 

 ficial fascia. The veins on the dorsum of the foot form a venous arch, which 

 has ii- concavity backward. This arch receives digital radicles from the dorsum 

 of the iocs, and ii crosses the anterior extremities of the metatarsal bones. 

 This arch ends externally in the short saphenous vein and internally in the long 

 saphenous. 



The external or short saphenous vein (Plate LXVII) is a continuation of 

 this arch and ascends behind the outer malleolus along the outer border of the 

 tendo Achillis, from here it crosses to the inner border in the median line of the 

 leg posteriorly to perforate the deep fascia in the lower part of the popliteal 

 space where it ends in the popliteal vein between the two heads of theGastroc- 

 nemius. It receives cutaneous radicles in its course and it sends a communi- 

 cating branch from near its end upward and inward to the long saphenous vein. 

 It communicates with the dee}) veins below and accompanies the external 

 saphenous uerve. This vein has from nine to fourteen valves in it. 



The internal or long saphenous vein (Plate LXVI) is a continuation of the 

 arch and ascends in front of the internal malleolus along the inner side of the 

 leg. From this point it accompanies the internal saphenous nerve behind the 

 inner margin of the tibia and at the knee it runs backward behind the inner con- 

 dyle of the femur. From here it passes along the inner side of the thigh to pass 

 through the saphenous opening where it ends in the femoral vein about an inch 

 and a half below 1'oiipart's ligament. It communicates with the deep veins 

 and receives cutaneous radicles in its course. It receives the superficial epigas- 

 tric, superficial circumflex iliac, and external pudic veins at the saphenous 

 opening. This vein maybe doubleand it has fromseven to twenty valves in it. 



The deep veins of the lower extremity accompany their arteries and are 

 called venae co mites and have numerous valves. Yeme comites are not found 

 from the knee to the hip. for in this region there is but one vein for the artery. 



The posterior tibial veins are formed by the internal and external plantar, 

 and are joined by the peroneal veins. 



The anterior tibial veins accompany the anterior tibial artery and join the 

 posterior tibial veins to form the popliteal vein. 



The popliteal vein passes through the popliteal space, passing from the 

 lower to the upper boundary obliquely outward ami becomes the femoral vein 

 at the aperature in the Adductor magnus muscle. This vein receives the ex- 

 ternal saphenous vein, articular and sural veins. 



The femoral vein accompanies the femora! artery and passes under the 

 artery from its outer to its inner side. This vein continues as the external 

 iliac after it passes under Poupart's ligament. It has four or five valves and 

 receives radicle- corresponding to the arterial branches and the internal saphen- 

 ous vein. 



Talipes comes from two words, talus which means ankle, and pes which 

 means foot. Tin- deformity, called club-foot, depends upon the contraction of 

 muscles or tendons, and this contraction may either be congenital or acquired. 



