202 ANATOMY IN A NUTSHELL. 



The transverse ligament passes between the anterior extremities of the 

 semilunar fibro-cartilages and is a hand of broad fibers. (Plate LXXXIV.) 



The coronary ligaments hold the circumferences of the semilunar fibro- 

 cartilages bo the head of the tibia. (Plate LXXXIV.) 



The synovial membrane of the knee-joint is the largest in the body. It ex- 

 tends over two inches above the joint under the extensor muscles and it passes 

 over the crucial ligaments to the head of the tibia. It covers both surfaces of 

 the semilunar fibro-cartilages and lines the capsular ligament. It gives a cover- 

 ing to the tendon of the Popliteus muscle. 



The ligamentum mucosum is a fold of this membrane. It is triangular in 

 shape, being attached to the intercondylar notch and extending to the patella. 



The ligamenta alalia are two processes of this membrane which are on either 

 side of the ligamentum mucosum. 



LESSON LIV. 

 The Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint. 

 This joint is an arthro dial joint. Its anterior superior ligament extends from 



the head of the fibula upward and inward to the external tuberosity of the tibia. 

 Its posterior superior ligament extends from the back part of the head of the 

 fibula upward and inward under the tendon of the Popliteus muscle to the back 

 part of the outer tuberosity of the tibia. (Plate LXXXVI.) 



The middle tibio-flbular articulation is formed by the interosseous membrane 

 which is attached to the interosseous ridges of the tibia and fibula. The fibers 

 of this membrane pass down from the tibia to the fibula. Above this mem- 

 brane there is an opening for the anterior tibial vessels, and below it one for the 

 anterior peroneal vessels. 



The inferior tibio-flbular arctiulation is a syndesmosis joint. The inferior 

 interosseous (igament which passes between the adjacent rough surfaces of the 

 tibia and fibula is continuous above with the interosseous membrane. 



The anterior ligament of this joint passes between the adjacent margins of 

 the tibia and fibula and is triangular in shape. The posterior ligament is a 

 similar hand posteriorly. It is smaller than the anterior one. The transverse 

 or inferior ligament of this joint is a narrow band which is continuous with these 

 two ligaments and extends from the back of the external malleolus nearly to 

 the internal malleolus and helps to deepen the ankle-joint. (Plate LXXXYII.) 

 The Ankle-Joint. (Plates LXXXVII-LXXXVIII.) 



This joint is a ginglymus or hinge-joint, and is formed by the lower ends 

 of the tibia and fibula and the upper surface of the astragalus. 



The anterior ligament of this joint is connected above with the edge of the 

 articular surface of the tibia, and below with the margin of the superior articu- 

 lar surface of the astragalus. This ligament is thin and broad. 



The posterior ligament is attached above to the transverse ligament of 

 the inferior tibio-fibular articulation and below to the back of the upper articu- 

 lar surface of the astragalus, most of the fibers of this ligament are transverse. 



The internal lateral ligament is called the deltoid ligament and consists 



