ANATOMY IN A NUTSHELL. 307 



vessels, (4) the suprascapular vessels. It now passes between the first part of 

 the subclavian artery and the subclavian vein, and as it passes into the chest 

 it crosses the beginning of the internal mammary artery. It now passes ver- 

 tically downward in front of the root of the lung between the pericardium and 

 the mediastinal portion of the pleura. It perforates the Diaphragm and is 

 spread out on its under surface. 



The right phrenic nerve lies on the outer side of the right innominate vein 

 and the superior vena cava. It is not as long as the left phrenic nerve and is 

 more vertical in direction, also seated deeper. 



The left phrenic nerve is longer than the right phrenic nerve for two rea- 

 sons, (1) it has further to go, because the Diaphragm is lower on the left side, 

 and (2) it goes in a less direct route, because the heart inclines to the left side. 

 As it enters the thorax it lies behind the left innominate vein and in front of the 

 pneumogastric nerve, the arch of the aorta, and the root of the lung. The 

 comes nervi phrenici, which is a branch of the internal mammary artery, passes 

 to the phrenic nerve. 



The pericardium, pleura, (and peritoneum?) are supplied by the phrenic 

 nerve. The nerve to the subclavius muscle sends a branch to the phrenic 

 nerve, a branch from the sympathetic and one from the junction of the de- 

 scendens hypoglossi with the cervical nerves pass to the phrenic nerve. 



The right phrenic nerve, after it passes through the Diaphragm, joins a 

 branch from the solar plexus to form a ganglion, which gives branches to the 

 hepatic plexus, the suprarenal capsule, and the inferior vena cava. 



The left phrenic nerve has no ganglion upon it, but joins the phrenic plexus. 



LESSON LXXXVII. 



The abdominal wall is divided into nine arbitrary areas by four lines; first 

 a circle around the body connecting the anterior superior spinous processes of 

 the crest of the ilia; a second line drawn around the body connecting the tips 

 of the ninth or tenth ribs; the other two lines are drawn at right angles to these 

 from the middle of Poupart's ligament, thus dividing the abdominal wall into 

 nine areas. Plate CCXXV. 



The first one above and on the right side is called the right hypochondriac; 

 the middle one above is the epigastric; the third one the left hypochondriac. The 

 first one in the middle row on the left side is the left lumbar; the next one is the 

 umbilical; and the third is the right lumbar. The one below the right lumbaris 

 the right iliac or inguinal; the next one in the third row is the hypogastric; and 

 the third one is the left iliac or inguinal. 



Epigastric ("upon the stomach"). Hypochondriac ("under the car- 

 tilage.") Hypogastric ("under the stomach.") 



The right hypochondriac contains the right lobe of the liver, gall-bladder, 

 hepatic flexure of the colon, and upper part of the right kidney. 



Right lumbar contains the ascending colon, lower part of the righ.1 kidney. 

 and some coils of the small intestine (ileum.) 



Right inguinal (iliac) contains the caecum, often the appendix vermiformis, 

 and the end of the ileum. 



