ANATOMY IN A NUTSHELL. 309 



Epigastric contains part of the right lobe of the liver, greater part of the 

 left lobe, part of the gall-bladder , stomach, middle and pyloric portions, both 

 orifices, first two parts of the duodenum, duodeno-jejunal junction, pancreas, 

 except the tail, upper part of the spleen, part of the kidneys, suprarenal cap- 

 sules. 



Umbilical contains the transverse colon, part of the great omentum and 

 mesentery, transverse portion of the duodenum, and some coils of the jejunum 

 and ileum, part of both kidneys with ureters, and the receptaculum chyli. 



Hypogastric contains coils of the small intestine, the bladder in children, 

 or when distended in adults, ureters, the uterus during the latter month- <>t' 

 pregnancy, often the caecum, appendix vermiformis, sigmoid flexure of the colon, 

 and the upper part of the rectum. 



Left hypochondriac contains the fundus of the stomach, greater part of the 

 spleen, tail of the pancreas, splenic flexure of the colon, upper part of the left 

 kidney, and part of the left lobe of the liver. 



Left lumbar contains the descending colon, part of the omentum, sigmoid 

 flexure, lower part of the left kidney, and some coils of the jejunum. 



Left inguinal (iliac) contains the sigmoid flexure of the colon and convo- 

 lutions of the jejunum and ileum. 



Alimentary Canal. (Plate CXXXVIII). 



The alimentary canal is about thirty feet in length, extending from the 

 mouth to the anus. It is a musculo-membranous tube and consists of the fol- 

 lowing portions: mouth, pharynx, cesophagus. stomach, small intestine which 

 has the following divisions, (1) duodenum, (2) jejunum, and (3) ileum, and 

 then comes the large intestine which has the caecum, ascending colon, hep- 

 atic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid 

 flexure, and rectum. The accessory organs to the alimentary canal are the 

 teeth, salivary glands, liver, spleen, and pancreas. 



A viscus is any internal organ of the body. The viscera are situated in 

 the cranium, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. The Diaphragm lies immediately 

 above the stomach. All of the canal above the Diaphragm has three coats 

 which are from within outward the mucous membrane, areolar tissue or sub- 

 mucous and muscular. That portion of the canal which lies below the 1 >ia- 

 phragm has a fourth coat called the serous membrane, which is external to 

 the muscular coat. 



The teeth (Plate CCXXVI) are dense white structures firmly implanted in 

 sockets in the alveolar processes of the jaw bones. Each consists of three por- 

 tions — A ROOT or PANG, \ NECK, and A CROWN. The teeth grow in two sets, 

 one in infancy, the other in childhood and youth. The first set are called tem- 

 porary, milk, deciduous teeth and are twenty in number, there being five in 

 each lateral half jaw, namely two incisors, one canine, and two molars. In 

 this set there are no bicuspids and no third molar. The bicuspids of the per- 

 manent set take the place of the temporary molars. 



In the second or permanent set there are thirty-two teeth: eighl in each 

 lateral half jaw, two incisors, one canine, two bicuspids, and three molars. 



