ANATOMY IN A NUTSHELL. 313 



the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is supplied by the glosso-pharyngeal 

 through the chroda-tympani. 



The blood supply of the tongue is derived from the lingual, the facial, and 

 ascending pharyngeal arteries. The veins of the tongue accompany the arter- 

 ies. 



There are two kinds of glands in the tongue. (Plate CXL). the mucous and 

 serous. The mucous glands are found all over the surface of the mucous mem- 

 brane of the tongue. The serous are found only at the back of the tongue. 



The fraenum linguae is a fold of the mucous membrane of the mouth which 

 binds down the under surface of the tongue and sometimes requires to be cut 

 from too great restriction or from extension too far forward, causing the sub- 

 ject to be tongue-tied. Fraenum linguae means bridle of tongue. 



The dorsum of the tongue is convex, marked along the middle line by a 

 raphe, which divides it into symmetrical halves; this raphe terminates behind, 

 about an inch, from the base of the organ, in a depression, the foramen caecum, 



The tongue is not the only organ of taste as taste-buds are found on the 

 back part of the hard palate, on anterior part of the soft palate, and to some 

 extent in other parts of the pharynx. 



The lymphatic vessels from the tongue pass to one or two small glands sit- 

 uated on the Hyo-glossus muscle in the sub-maxillary region, and from thence 

 to the deep glands of the neck. 



The pharynx (Plate CXLII)is bounded above by(l)the base of the sephnoid 

 bone and (2) the basilar process of the occipital; behind by (1) the vertebral 

 column. (2) Longus colli and (3) the Recti capitis antici muscles: it is incom- 

 plete in front being bounded by the (1) internal pterygoid plate, (2) pterygo- 

 maxillary ligament. (3) the lower jaw. (4) the tongue, (5) the hyoid bone, (6) 

 the thyroid and (7) cricoid cartilages. On the sides by (1) the styloid process 

 and (2) its muscles, (3) the common carotid and (4) internal carotid arteries, 

 (5) the internal jugular vein, (6) ninth, (7) tenth, (8) twelfth, and (9) sympa- 

 thetic nerves and (10) a portion of the Internal pterygoid muscle. It has 

 seven openings, two posterior nares, two Eustachian tubes, the oesophagus, the 

 mouth, and the larynx. On its posterior wail between the two Eustachian 

 tubes there is a collection of lymphoid tissue similar to that found in the tonsils 

 which forms the pharyngeal tonsil or the third tonsil. Above this is the bursa 

 pharyngea, which some authors think has something to do with the develop- 

 ment of the anterior part of the pituitary body and others think it has some- 

 thing to do with the development of the third tonsil. 



The pharnyx, the throat, technically the joint opening of the gullet and the 

 windpipe, is a musculo-membranons pouch situated at the back of the nasal 

 cavities, mouth and larynx and extending from base of skull to the cricoid car- 

 tilage. It is about five inches long. It i- widest (nearly one inch and a half 1 ) 

 in the upper pharyngeal portion, and narrow above and below, having its least 

 diameter (half an inch) at its junction with the gullet. Ventro-dorsally its 

 measurement is everywhere small, only opposite the mouth being more than 

 four-fifths of an inch. It is a cavity situated in front of the upper live cervical 



