ANATOMY IN A NUTSHELL. 



321 



the small intestine, which are so numerous as to give it a velvety appearance. 

 Thev are from four to ten millions in number. They collectively constitute the 

 beginning of the absorbent or lacteal vessels of the intestine. 



The valvular eonniventes are transverse folds of the mucous membrane and 

 underlying tissues found throughout a large extent of the small intestine. 

 Their use is probably to retard somewhat the passage of alimentary mass, and 

 and at the same time to offer a greater surface for absorption. 



Lieberkuhn glaxds, crypts, are the simple or solitary glands of the in- 

 testine, also in large intestine. Brunner glands (so-called from J. K. 

 Brunner, 1653-1727). sometimes called duodenal glands, are small com- 



PLATE CXLIV. 



Circum vallate Papill.e. 



pound glands of the duodenum and upper part of the jejunum, embedded in the 

 submucous tissue, opening by minute orifices into the lumen of the intestine. 



Then there are the solitary lymph-nodules, which are more frequently 

 called solitary glands, though no more entitled to the name than the nodes 

 which occur in the course of lymphatic vessels, having no secretive apparatus. 



Beyer's Patches are found in the lower ileum. They are oval, are from 

 one-half to three inches in length, and about an inch in breadth. They are 

 placed in long axis of the bowel. These patches were named after J. K. Peyer, 

 a Swiss anatomist (1653-1712). A lesion of these patches is one of the most 

 constant signs of typhoid fever. 



LESSON XCII. 



The small intestine receives the blood from the superior mesenteric artery, 

 and a branch coming indirectly from the hepatic, the superior pancreatico- 

 duodenalis. The superior mesenteric runs between the layers of the mesentery 

 and gives off twelve or fifteen branches running downwards and to the left 

 (vasa intestini tenuis,) which break up ami form a series of arches, finally encir- 

 cling the intestine as small branches. It also gives off a small branch at the 



