332 



ANATOMY IN A NUTSHELL. 



terminates in a .slender thread, the filum terminale. The filum terminate is 

 a continuation of the pia mater as far as the base of the coccyx, to the periosteum 

 of which it is attached. It contains very litttle nervous matter, and is distin- 

 guished from the nerves of the cauda equina by its glistening white appearance. 

 The membranes of the cord are the same as those of the brain, viz., dura 

 mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. The dura mater of the cord differs from that 

 of the brain, in that it does not form (1) the internal periosteum, does not 

 adhere (2) to the walls, does not contain (3) sinuses, and does not send (4) 

 infoldings into the fissures of the cord. The nerve supply of the dura 

 mater is from the spinal nerves and filaments from the sympathetic. The dura 

 mater of both brain and cord send tubular prolongations over the nerves. 



PLATE CLII. 



DIAPHRAGM AND ANTERIOR WALL OF ABDOMEN 



behind 



TENTH AND ELEVENTH 

 THORACIC VERTEBRAE 



RIGHT 



SUPRARENAL 



CAPSULE 



GREAT VESSELS 



CARDIAC END OF STOMACH HEPATIC FLEXURE OF COLON RIP^- KIDNEY 

 FIRST AND SECOND PORTIONS OF DUODENUM 



The Relations of the Liver. 



It is separated from the walls of the spinal canal by fat, loose areolar tissue, and 

 anterior and posterior plexuses of veins. It is attached above to the foramen 

 magnum, to the axis and the third cervical vertebra, and below to the 

 posterior surface of BASE of the cocgyx. The subdural space is between the 

 dura mater and the arachnoid and contains a small quantity of cerebro-spinal 

 fluid. The inner surface of the dura mater is lined with endothelium, and is 

 abundantly supplied with nerves and blood vessels. 



The arachnoid of the cord is more delicate than that of the brain, but re- 

 sembles it in sending tubular prolongations over the nerves. It is devoid of 

 nerves and has bu1 a slight blood supply. It extends as far as the second or 

 third sacral vertebra. It forms a long sac and the space between it and the 

 pia mater is called the subarachnoid space. This space contains cerebro-spinal 

 fluid, which is about one ounce in this space and two ounces in the ventricles. 



