1 6 Annals of Horticidture. 



I think, advantageously compete in the London markets with 

 the growers of Florida and their dear labor. An English or 

 American laborer is paid 5s. 3d. per day, and skilled garden- 

 ers get higher wages ; that is, about ten times the wages of an 

 Indian 7naii. ^ * * j^ should be remembered that a suffi- 

 ciently good orange grower, if he has the right soil, requires 

 ver}^ little knowledge be3^ond that necessary for raising seed- 

 lings, budding them, and manuring and watering the trees at 

 the proper times, all which he might learn in a month. If 

 garden labor in India is ten times cheaper than that of Florida, 

 it would require that the carriage from Florida to London 

 should be ten times cheaper than that from Bombay and 

 Karachi to London, to enable the former to compete on equal 

 terms with the latter. It will be seen, moreover, that in 

 Florida, frosts are occasionally so severe as to turn all the 

 orange crop into ice-balls and ruin it, besides killing all the 

 young stock in the nurseries, if it does not also injure the adult 

 trees. There is, perhaps, no part of India where oranges are 

 grown extensively, which is subject to destructive frost, such 

 as that which is said to have occurred in Florida in 1885-6." 



Grapes were a heavy crop in the great vineyard regions of 

 New York and Ohio, but were below the average in New Jer- 

 sey and Delaware. The fungous diseases were very prevalent 

 throughout and in most regions the copper salts had to be em- 

 ployed to save the crop. The raisin and grape crops of Cali- 

 fornia were large, and there was a sufficient raisin crop in Arizona 

 to attract the attention of fruit growers. The foreign raisin crop, 

 especially in the far east, is said to have been lessened by bad 

 weather and by the depredations of phylloxera. The Smyrna 

 raisin crop is reported as one-fourth short of last year. Mala- 

 gas were a good crop, but copper salts were largely used upon 

 them. 



Small fruits nearly everywhere gave large yields, although 

 there was some complaint from various fungous diseases. 

 The returns on the average were fair, although they were very 

 low from the crop of Southern Illinois, particularly strawber- 

 ries, owing to the immense crop and the soft condition of the 

 fruit. The blackberry and raspberry yield in New Jersey and 

 Delaware was estimated at about a half crop. 



The Cranberry crop of the countr}^ for 1890 was good, stand- 

 ing in round numbers, about as follows : 



