8 A7inals of Horticulture. 



Mississippi, barring partial crops in Michigan and Wisconsin. 

 As this loss followed a partial failure in 1889, it has proved a 

 serious menace to apple culture. Missouri gave the best yield 

 for 1890, it being not far from a half crop. Wisconsin, Michi- 

 gan, Ontario and Nova Sco^a produced probably less than a 

 fourth crop, while New England, New York and the middle 

 states produced almost none. Apples have been brought in 

 from the west to supply the demands, even in New York state. 

 The cause of the apple failure is not determined, although 

 it is supposed that an unusual and early development of the 

 apple-scab fungus was largely concerned in it, at least in New 

 York.* 



The extent of the apple crop is well illustrated by the ex- 

 ports. The exports have been only about half as great as 

 last year and one-fourth as great as in 1888-9. The following 

 statement, furnished by Otto G. Mayer & Co., New York, 

 shows the movements of apples to February 14th, 1891, at 

 which time the exportations had practically ceased : 



Barrels of apples exported lo Europe for week ending February 14, i8gi. 



The apple export trade began in 1845, when five barrels 

 were shipped from Boston to Glasgow under the auspices of a 

 Scotchman — Buchanan. It was about thirty 3^ears later that 

 the enterprise began to attract general attention. Very heavy 

 exportations were made in 1885-6, and the largest trade was 

 reached in 1888-9. I^ ^^^^ latter year the exports were 1,407, 

 419 barrels from America, of which 942,400 barrels were from 

 the United States. The export trade gives promise of afford- 

 ing our most profitable market for winter fruit. 



♦Bailey and Dudley. Bull. xix. Corne 1 Exp. Sta. 



