98 Aiinals of Horticulture. 



the oil to one of the emulsifying agent, violently churned 

 until a stable, butter-like emulsion results, was the outgrowth 

 of my efforts in the investigation of the cotton worm, the milk 

 having been first suggested in 1878 by the late Dr. W. S. 

 Barnard w^hile working at Selma, Ala., and the most satis- 

 factory formula in 1880, by H. G. Hubbard, from experiments 

 which I had continued over two years, on orange trees. 



''The grape phyhoxera has continued to attract the atten- 

 tion not only of most European governments but also of 

 those of Australia and New Zealand. It continues its spread 

 in France, having at last invaded the more valuable cham- 

 pagne districts. The last report of the Superior Phylloxera 

 Commission of that country shows that about 240,000 acres 

 have undergone defensive measures, submersion being em- 

 ployed in 72,000, bisulphide of carbon in 145,000, and sulpho- 

 carbonate of potassium in 23,000. The work is practically at 

 an end in such departments as H^rault, Gard and Gironde, 

 where the American resistant vines have most effectually been 

 used ; while the wine growers of Algeria, Spain, Italy, Por- 

 tugal, Hungary, Austria and Switzerland are all battling 

 against it, and are all more or less aided by their respective 

 governments. 



''The advent of the insect in New Zealand has been the 

 cause of much writing and of much legislation there, and the 

 government has been quite anxious to get the best and latest 

 information on the subject. There is very little that is avail- 

 able in the way of published experience in this country, as my 

 Missoiiri reports are now very difficult to obtain. I would 

 repeat here in substance what I have recently written to F. D. 

 Bell, agent-general at London for New Zealand, because the 

 demand for the information is continuous, and our own peo- 

 ple are, to a great extent, unfamiliar with the facts. 



"During the more than twenty years' struggle in France 

 against the species innumerable remedies have been proposed, 

 most of which have proved to be absolutely valueless. A few 

 measures have been devised, however, which, under proper 

 conditions, give fairly satisfactory results. These consist in 

 (i) methods which avoid the necessity of direct treatment, 

 comprising the use of American stocks and planting in sandy 

 soils; (2) the employment of insecticides (bisulphide of 



