Plant Diseases and Insech. 107 



machines, except in the case of the original description of the 

 lance and nozzle {op. cit. vol. 5, No. ii), where credit is given. 

 This naturally gives the impression that the apparatus is novel 

 in many or all its features. 



"When compared with the French machines the following 

 facts become apparent : 



''I. The reservoir is practically identical with that of the 

 Vermorel, Japy, and other French machines ; and the opening 

 for introducing the liquid with strainer and lid presents no new 

 features. 



''2. The pump is an ordinary double cylinder (or hollow 

 piston) force pump, the hollow piston furnishing an air cham- 

 ber which causes the liquid to be forced out in a continuous 

 stream. 



''3. The lance and nozzle combination consists of the Riley 

 nozzle fitted to a lance and provided with a degorging appa- 

 ratus, which also acts as a stop cock model, exactly after 

 Raveneau's apparatus, and is practically the same as the Japy 

 degorger and stop cock, except that the action is reversed. 

 In the latter (see Insect Life, vol. i. p. 265, fig. 61) the spring 

 normally closes the discharge orifice, and in the former the 

 orifice is normally open and is closed by the action of a 

 lever in the spring. That this modification of the foreign 

 knapsack sprayers will prove a serviceable one for vineyard 

 work, and by reason of its cheapness and availability come 

 into general use, I have little doubt. 



"A new and distinct type of insecticide machine, * the inven- 

 tion of G. F. Strawson, Newbury, Berks, England, has attrac- 

 ted no little attention and has received numerous awards during 

 the past two years at various agricultural shows in England, 

 and has been very favorably noticed and recommended by 

 competent judges. 



''International interests.— With the constantly increasing 

 facilities for intercommunication between different parts of the 

 globe the results obtained and experiences had in one part are 

 soon available for the rest of the world. Thus France has 

 more than repaid the United States for the good — however 

 vast and important — that has resulted to her by the use of 

 American resistant stocks. Her experience with these Am- 

 erican vines has reacted beneficially upon our own viticulture 



* Annals Hort. 1889, 177, fig. 15. 



