12 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book I. 



pajjtvity merely, without exprefling of njuhat it is paffive ; And, as 

 paffion and aclion are co-relatives, which cannot exiil the one without 

 the other, we cannot pcrfedly underftand the definition of body with- 

 out taking inind Hkewife into our confideratlon. z^nd not only have 

 the Newtonians given this true account of the nature of body, but alfo 

 Mr Locke, in his Effay on the Human Underftanding, has exprefsly 

 faid, "• That matter cannot move itfelf \^ (Lib. 4. cap. !o. ^10). And 

 again, ' That adive poiver is the proper attribute of Jpirit, pc^lve 



* poiver^ of matter ;' (Lib. 2. cap. 23. § 28.) This is true and genuine 

 theijm ; whereas, to maintain that matter has any aclive powder, is 

 downright atheifm^ or, what is the fame thing, materialifm. For, if 

 any the leaft particle of matter can move itfelf, the vv'hole fyftem of 

 the material world may do fo. Mr Locke does not appear to be aware 

 of this confequence, and plainly forgets himfelf, when he fays, ' That 



* there is no contradidiion in body thinking ; and that it may be fo mo- 

 ' dified as to have that J acuity \ (Ibid. lib. 4. cap. 3. § 6.) But there is 

 a manifeft contradidicn, that thefamx thing fJjould, by its nature^ have 

 an adive poiver^ andfljould not have an adive poiver : Nor are there 

 any two things moreoppofite than body and mind ; for they are as oppo- 

 fite as affirjnation and negation. But it is no wonder, that a philofo- 

 pher, who, like Mr Locke, fets out with confounding the operations 

 of the w/w^/ through the body^ and witl^. the afhftance of the organs of 

 the body^ and its operations by iiltlf, I mean fenfitions and ideas^ 

 ihould, on fome occafions, forget the dlftin6lion between body and 

 tnind* : But, from the definitions here given of them, 1 hope they will 

 appear, not only different and diRindt, but ol natures fo oppofite that 

 they cannot, like other things in nature, run into one another, but 

 muil forever remain perfedtly dif^inguifhed from one another. 



CHAP. 



* See V h3t I have further faid upon this fubje£^, in a note upon pnge 93. of the fe- 

 cond edition ot the firfl volume of the Origin and Progrefs of Language. 



