Chap. IV. ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. 37 



negation of being, or 7iofietitity, has, as I have obferved already, an ex- 

 iftence, by having a relation io Jiib/iance. Being, therefore, is principally 

 predicated of fubftance; and, though it be alfo predicated of other things, 

 it is not fo predicated exadly in the fcime {cai'e ; yet, not homonym 

 movjly^ox equi'vocally^ but in a way that Ariflotle calls ^-p*? i?, that is, in 

 relation to one thing v;hich is confidered as principal ; for that is the 

 proper meaning of the prepofnion ^pa? with the accufative cafe : And 

 he illuftrates this by the example of the word vy(«y»v, or healthy, which 

 applies equally to what produces health, what preferves health, and 

 what is a fign of health j all which fignifications are not homony" 

 mousi neither are they fynonymous, but they are fomething betwixt 

 the two ; for they are ^p*? Iv, that is, they have all a relation to om 

 principal thing, viz. health, that being the chief thing in them all. 



One \S2i\{o an univerfal predicate, as well SiS being, of all things 

 exifting ; for every thing that has a being, confidered feparately, and 

 as diftind from other things, is one : And this is not only true of fub- 

 Jlances, but of all their properties and accidents j for every one of thefe 

 is by itfelf owr. So that one, as well as being, is the general predicate 

 of all the categories *; nor is there any difference betwixt being and 

 one, or the to ov and the ro U, as Ariftotle has exprefled it, except that 

 (?;i^ expreffts the negation oi many, which being implies. 



Oppofed to one is vmUitiicle, and of thefe two the univerfe may be 

 faid to confift ; for all is either ofte or many, and every thing io divi- 

 fible or indivifible. ^ Under one Ariftotle claffes the ideas of fame, 

 like,2iX\A equal', and under multitude, he ra.nks dive r/ity, iinlikenejs, and 

 inequality, all which terms he very accurately explains f- And thefe 



two 



* Pilctaphyf. lib. lo. cap. 2. 



t Mct'Aphyf. lib. lo-cap. 3. See what further Ariftotle has falil upon the fubjed of 

 the one in his Metaphyfics, lib. 5. cap. 6- where he has very accurately diftinguiflied the 

 clifFerent fignifications of the t. ev, and explained what one in number is, cne in fpecice, 

 •ne in kind, and ons in proportion or analogy. 



