68 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book II. 



barous tranflation, made by the ichoolmen, of the Greek word 

 into Latin. One of thefe is relatiouy the nature of which is, that 

 the reI(iti'ves-,oT things related, neceffarily refer to one another, fo that 

 the relation betwixt them cannot be conceived, unlefs both exiff. Re- 

 latives are, therefore, a clafs of beings which have no feparateur inde- 

 pendent exigence each by irfelf, but which neceffarily depend upon one 

 another for their exiilence *. 



From this account of relation, it is evident, that it muft neceffirrly 

 be betwix'' two things at leaft t ; for, if we could conceive the fa-nc 

 individual thing related to itfelf, then the things of this category 

 would be no longer dependent upon other things for their exiftence, 

 but would have each a feparate and iiidependent exiilence. And, fur- 

 ther, it is neceffary that the two things related Ihuuld exift together; 

 for, if we could conceive one of them exifting feparately, it would have 

 an independent exigence, and be no longer a relative thing J. 



To 



* Therefore, fays Ariftotle, In the beginning of his chapter upon this category, 

 (cap 7. of the hook of categories), things related are always exprefled with refer nee 



to one another; Unog n ^t rx TOiWjrcc Xiyiraiy ocree eei/TX aTTi^ i^Ttv, iri^av Hveci Xiyirxi, « 



o'xua-tui «A/tfj ?r§o« iii^ot. - And again, a little after, he fays, rr^oj t< ou» sc-to, oV« cc'jtk u-n^ 



IB-Xiv., IriPuv eivxt Xtyirxt. H ottutovi oc.\}.u; w^oj 'iTi^oy, o<6» 0^0; fAiyst >Ayirxt ^rgoj ste^ov, 

 5r£9j T» yc.p uiycc MyiTcti to eg«s. y.cci re cy.oiiy, TtVi Ofzoioy XiyiTca-, y.en TJtA/.os o« t« t»;«vt<6 



ttTBtJlUi 7rp6i T< ^iylTtll. 



■f This is the reaton given by Ammonius, in his commentary upon this chapter of 

 'the book of categories, fol. 94. lor the plural name given to this category, both by 

 Arcliytas and Ariftotle, viz. tx tp^h n ; for, fays he, it is a relation or habitude : 

 Now, fay.-^ he, a relation cannot be conceived but in two things at lead. T« ar^e? rt 



tryjiirti; t;; £»-T(v, >)* S't (Tyj.<rii t o-jXx/J7T ai t»^t/y/ Tfe^xyiAXvi fimo^HTxt, oi» rovre srAiiS-yvT/xa^j i^rt- 

 t ^^o:'.H ti rx Tpc? Ti 'xr-ix T>« (fviTH (ivxi, Kxi im /^i¥ rcuv TS-XHs-rMt xXijSi; urn. ^xux yxp ^i- 



7r>.ct7-(«v T£ fs-r/ y.xi vi^K.s-y, Sic. After this, he proceeds to flate an objection to this rule 

 in the inftances of tsric-rrtrov and i^is-Tr,f4.ti, %vhut is to be undcrjloody and what under' 

 ftands ; and «<(r^iiT«y and xia-he-i?, ivhat is Jen/ible, or perceived by the /enfeSf and the 



fenfesy 



