Ohap. IV. ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. 77 



them, he treats oi mind as a part of nature, and not as of a thing be- 

 yond or above nature. Now, in all natural fublUnces, mind is ever 

 joined with body ; fo that it did not belong to his fubjedl to inquire 

 concerning mind feparate from body^ which is the proper fubje^t of 

 metaphyfics; and accordingly he has treated of it in his books of Me- 

 taphyfics *. But, even in thefe very books De Anima, he has been at 

 pains, as 1 have obferved, to let the reader know his fentiments con- 

 cerning the feparate exigence of the intelleclual mind, 



Buti/econdly, even as to fni?id united with body^ his definition is not 

 comprehenfive enough ; nor has he taken in all the natural fubftances 

 upon which mind ads; for his definition, as he has explained it at great 

 length, takes in only vegetable and animal fubftances : And yet all other 

 natural bodies have a principle o^ motion in them ; and accordingly, by 

 that principle, aseflential to them, he himfelf has defined a pb)Jica/ body. 

 Now, this principle in bodies, by which, as he fays, fome afcend, fome 

 defcend, and fome are moved in a circle t> it is plain, from many 

 paiTages in his works, he confidered as difiind from body, as much as 

 the principle that moves an animal or vegetable ; and, in one paflage, 

 he has compared it to that principle in animals or vegetables, and fays 

 it is, as it were, a life m body J. He has not, however, thought pro- 

 per 



* Philoponushas made an apology for him fomewhat different, In his commentary 

 upon the words above quoted, from the end of the fecond chapter of the fecond book 

 l)e Anima. 



f Arifl. de Coelo, lib. i.cap. 2- See above, p. 9. 



X Lib. 8. De Phyfic. aufcultatione, cap. i. where, fpeaking of the eternity of motion, 



hd fays, TOUT* cc6ticvicToy Kxi UTTUiriTTov vztu^y^ii Toti ova-i, 'oiev Ctan th evs-x. Ton (pva-n c-vvta-Ta/ci 



7rx<rty And, in the beginning of the 4th book, de Coelo, he fpeaks of bodies that 

 are light or heavy, having in them tusrv^^tirrx Kinr.Tiu';, where that pnncipleof motion in 

 phyfical bodies which, in the other paflage, he had faid was a kind of life, he.calls here an 

 zn'^mztimg /park of motion ; intimating, by thefe expreflions, that the movin? principle 

 in thefe inanimate bodies, as they are called, is not fo apparent as in the animate: 

 But that it is truly in all, and of the very cflence of a phyfical body, he has faid in 

 many places : And nature herfelf, according to him, is nothing elfe but this principle 

 of motion in bodies, «^-<)j m? y.»v»jri*iy j and this he makes to be the difference betwixt 



th- 



