Chap. V. A N T I E N T M E T A P H Y S I C S. 9-1 



That ui'ind. Incorporated with an animal hod)\ does not move that 

 body diredly and immediately, but by a certain kind of machinery, 

 is a difcovery for which we are indebted to anatomy ; for, by it wc 

 •learn, that the mind moves the members of the hodyh^ a machinery o^' 

 miifcles,finews, and bones, which perform the office of that mechani- 

 cal power called a lever ; but whi<:h, by a certain ftrucSlure of the body, 

 necefTary for other purpofes, is made to be of a kind that requires an 

 extraordinary power to move it, far exceeding any power of human 

 machinery that was to adt in fb fmall a fpace. 



In different animals the ftructure of the body is different, according 

 to the different appetites, inclinations, oeconomy, and manner of life 

 of the animal. But, as to the machinery by which the mind of the 

 Bnlmal ads upon the hodyy and. in that way, performs Its natural 

 fundions, it Is pretty much the fame in all animals. And, with re- 

 fpe£t to the mind, it confifts, in all animals without exception, of the 

 parts above mentioned, 'viz, the fenfitive^ ^\\t phantaJlicaU or hnagina- 

 //W, the emotion of ^/)/><?//V^ and anger ^ together with the fenfation of 

 pain and pleafure. 



That the fenfitlve part is effential to the animal, and that there can 

 be no animal without, at leaft, the fenfe oi touchy is, I think, agreed 

 by all philofophers. And Ariftotle admits, that all animals have the 

 feeling of pleafure^ and, by confequence, the defire of it, or what I 

 call appetite'^. I think It is neceffary too, that every animal iliould 

 have a principle of felf-defence, and a certain degree of fortitude, by 

 which he refifts dangers and overcomes difficulties, though I do not 

 remember that Ariftotle has any where faid fo expreisly ; but he has 

 denied that all animals have a phantafta ; and, particularly, he fays, 

 that ants, and bees, and worms, have it not f. But, in this, both his 



M 2 com- 



* Ariflot. De Jnima, lib. 2- cap. 3. 

 t Ibid. lib. 3 cap. 4. 



