Chap.V. ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. 97 



be painted ; and the repofitory of them, I call the imagination. And I may- 

 quote Ariftotle againft himlelf from his book concerning memory ; (or 

 he there fays, that memory necefTarily implies a fenfe of time, and what 

 is/r/? and lajl : For, fa)s he, every body that remembers any thing, 

 fays to himfelf, * I knew this before.' Now, brutes have no idea of 

 time^ or of/r/? and lajl^. And it is certain, that they have nut ton- 

 fcioufnefs or rejle&ion^ by which only they can review their own 

 operations. At the fame time, it mufl; be admitted, that the ima- 

 gination, in the brute, ferves the purpofe of memory in us; for, 

 whenever he fees the objedl that is painted in \\\% phantafta^ he knows i: 

 again, but without any perception of the time when he firfl faw it. I 

 incline, therefore, to think, that memory belongs only to the rational na- 

 ture, as well as reminijcence^ which Arillotle acknowledges is peculiar 

 to man f, 



N As 



* See Ariftot. de Jnimay lib. 3. cap. 11. and Philoponus's commentary thereon. 



t Lib. De Memoria, in fine. See alfo Michael Ephefius's commentary upon this 

 work of Ariftotle, where, though he does not deny that the brutes have memory, he 

 makes a diftincflicn betwixt their memory and the memory of man, which I confefs 

 I do not underftand : But I think it is evident, from the account he givi^s of memory, 

 in his introdudlion to his commentary, that it is impoifible that the brutes can have 

 it: For he fays, that memory is nothing e!fe but the operation of the phantajia pre- 

 fenting the image of the fenfible thing to the animal, with the addition, that, at fuch 

 a particular time, the objed was feen by the animal. Now, it is, I think, impoflible 

 that the brute can have that recolledtion, ?nd, therefore, upon him the power of the 

 phantafia can only operate in prefenting to him the objedl juft as he faw it at fii ft, with- 

 out any addition of time: And very often we recolK-£l things in the fame manner* 

 for, having feen a man once, and fo having a pidlure of him in the phantafia, I know 

 him again, but without recollc(Sling the time when I faw him. In fuch a cafe I 

 have only a notion of duration^ or ii7nc indefnitef as it is called by Philoponus ; but 

 none at all of time definite^ or meafured by the application of number to mot ion \ 

 number being that which defines every thing. And this definite time is only what is, 

 properly fpeaking, called time. See Ariftotle in his books De Coe!o, where he calls 

 time «gi5,t405 T})5 KivY.o-it'ii. Now, it is certain, that the brutes have no notion of this 

 kind of time, for this plain reafon, that they have no notion of number. Sec what 

 Philoponus has very well faid upon this fubjed in his commentary upon the loth and 



nth 



