Chap. VII. ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. 109 



are joined together in propofitlons, and the one predicated, that is, 

 affirmed or denied, of the other. Of the firft kind are all the percep- 

 tions of fenfe ; and it is in this way alfo that the mind perceives ideas • 

 for, though ideas, as we have leen, are collecled Iroin the many^ yet 

 is every idea but one fmgle thing, and mull be apprehended at once 

 by the mind, by one fingle individual a6l, or not at all, in the fame 

 way as the objeds of fenfe are apprehended by the fenfe. l^he other 

 kind of apprehenfion, is that by which the mind, perceiving two things 

 at once, perceives alfo their connections. The operation of this facul- 

 ty of the mind is exprefled in Greek by the word i-^icm^'h, which de- 

 notes the apprehenfion the mind has of the truth of any propofition. 

 By the fame faculty is performed that more complex operation of the 

 mind, by which it perceives not only connexion oi ideas ^ but oi pro- 

 pofitions^ that is, combinations of ideas. And this laft operation of the 

 mind is, what is called fyllogifm or coUeSIion^ by which propofitions 

 are collecfled by the mind in fuch a way, that, by their means, it per- 

 ceives the truth of a propofition different from any of them *. 



Another dlflindion, of great importance in this matter, is betwixt 

 the operations of ;?/zW, when it is employed upon fubjecls that have 

 exifience without it, and, when it is employed upon things. that have 

 no exigence but within itfelf. Of the firif kind cS fubjeds are all the 

 objeds of fcdfe, whether immediately brought into tlie niind 

 by the perceptions o^ fenfd^ or prefervcd in it by tlie nicans of the 

 phaiitafia. Of the other kind are, firfl, our ideas^ v;hich have certain- 



ly 



* This is Arifloile's dtfinition of a fyllogifm : (T'j>.>.oy c-iitx, ttrn } tyaf »» '« Ttiit^uv t<- 

 vuv 'iTffOV ri Tifj KHUivvv s? oroetytcni trt,u?«(»« rni rccjTx u*ui. And he adds, by Way of cx- 

 p.nnatio!!, Afv*" ^^ ''■^ txvtx «i«/, to Om iuvtm a-vfi'oXive^i. re o't oix Txurx s-vft^xttuf, re 

 fir.h'-'oi froA^'.v c.;yo'j v^ixrlitv jrgo? to ylia-^Xi to uvxyy.uicv i whcrC WC mny obfcFVC, that A- 



rillotle rri?,kt;s ryllogifm a fpcciis of the ;i«ye5 ; hy which word, as 1 have clfcw here 

 oburved, the Greeks denoted comparijon of every k:nd And, accordingly, it is e- 

 TiiifPt, that fyllogifm, and -very operation of intelkdl, is founded, as I have faid., 

 upon our faeuhy of comparilbn. 



