126 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book II. 



G H A P. IX. 



0} the Oredic Powers of the Mind — Thefe not fitly divided^ either by 

 Philoponiis or Plato — Different Oxt^XizPoivers belonging to the Animal 

 and the TntelleBual Nature — Thofe of the Animal Nature — Thofe of 

 the Intelledual — What is the Caufe of Animal, that is^ Voluntary 

 Motion — Arifiotle^ s Opinion upon the Subjed — Mind, the Caufe of all 

 Motion, according to the Definition of it, 



AN, as well as every other animal, being by nature deftined to 

 a£t, it was neceflary not only that he (hould knoiv, but that 

 he fhould have fome principle of aSlion, The oredic powers, there- 

 fore, as well as (h^gnofiic^ are eflential parts of the animal compofition; 

 but the gnofiic have, by nature, the precedence ; for, unlefs we fuppofe 

 animals to adl by mere chance, without any dire<ftion at all, they mud 

 neceflarily knoiv before they afl, 



Gnofiic and oreSlic poivers being thus neceflarily joined together in 

 the animal nature, and correfponding the one to the other, it is na- 

 tural to fuppofe, that, as man has more gnofiic poivers than 

 other animals, he fhould alfo have defires and propenfities 

 more than they have; neverthelefs, Philoponus, or whoever befides 

 (for it is not Ariftotle) has made the diviiion of the faculties of the 

 mind into gnofiic and oredic^ has omitted altogether the oreBic part 

 of the intelleSiual jnindy and has given us only that of the mere animal 

 or ftnftive mind^ vphich he has fubdividcd into g^,s^,,4,« and ^y^*-, or 

 appetite and anger. And Plato, who has divided the human mind 

 into i;r<V«'V»«' ^""^ ^"vsj ^^^s> bcfidcs omitting the o> e5iic [>o^jueis of 

 the intelle6liial 7nind, plainly confounded the gnofiic and orec lie facul- 

 ties : For, whether we underftand b/ Mya the mere comparative facul- 

 ty, 



