Chap. IX. ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. 129 



which he includes \ht phantnfia^ being an Internal principle, as I be- 

 fore obferved, as well as the intelle6l^ and the goverxjing principle ia 

 brutes, and alfo in feme men. Secondly, the .^ei.f, that is, defire^ or 

 appetite. And, laftly^ the t« »^e*to., that is, the ohjetl deftred. And it 

 is certainly true, that animal motion cannot be produced without all 

 the three. But I think it is worth the while to conhder more particu- 

 larly, in what manner each of them contributes to the produdioii of 

 motion ; and I will begin with the lafi^ that is, the objeft de fired ; the 

 final caufe of the motion, which, therefore, is the firfl or principal 

 caufe, being that for the fake of which every other caufe operates. 

 Now this, in man, confidered as an intelledual being, is either ^o<9^ or 

 knoijuledge \ the one being the object of the pra£lical, the other of the 

 fpeculative intellecl:. But, of man, confidered as an animal merely, 

 the object is, ijuhat is pleafant. The objed, whichever of the three 

 it be, is itfelf immoveable, as Ariftotle has obferved : But it moves 

 the dejire or appetite ; and that again moves the animal. And it is 

 in this way, that the defire, as the efficient caufe, produces the move- 

 ment. But it is through the medium of the mind that it does fo ; tor 

 the defire firft excites the mind to a£t, and then the mind produces 

 the movement ; fo that rhe mind is the immediate efficient caufe of 

 the movement, and the defire only the remoter. But the defire 

 cannot arife, unlefs the object be known ; and thus we fee that 

 the gnoftic powers ot the mind are its fundamental powers, witli- 

 out which we canriot luppole it either to adl:, or to defire to 

 a(St ; for the coujmon laying \v;ll apply, that ' ignoti nulla cu^ 

 * piuo^'* 1 he mind, therefore, muR knoiv before it aas ; and, what- 

 ever is the governing ^w^?zf principle in It, whether intellect, phan- 

 tafta^ or fenfe, mull be the prime efficient caufe of all the movements 

 of tne body, that can be called anin;al, voluntary, or fj-ontaneous 

 ■of which the principal is progrelfive motion : For, as to the morions, 

 by v.liich growth and nutrition are juoduced, they are ins'oluntary, 

 and belong nut to the aninial, but to the vegetable life. 



R And 



