i66 ANtlENT METAPHYSICS. Book II. 



have the faiie qualities and properties, as all men, being of the 

 fame ipecies, have the lame qvialities, though ditTering in degree. But 

 the quahtles of the 'vegetable hie are altogether different from thofe 

 of either die nmnial Qiintelkciual \ and they not only exift feparately, 

 but, when ali the three exift together, the energies of the 'vegetable 

 lii"e are quiie d.Rind from thofe of the animal or intelkBuaL Nor 

 will any man of common fenfe fay, that the power by which we grow 

 and are nuurilhed, is the fame by which an animal perceives, defires, 

 or (huns, or that by which a man thinks and reafons. The 'vegeta- 

 ti've power, we know, operates heft, when we neither have the ufe of 

 fenfe nor reafon, that is, in our fleep ; and, if fo, it is clear that it muft 

 be difiindl from both. 



This much, therefore, appears to be certainly true, that the vegeta- 

 ble mind is diftind from either the animal or intelledual. And, if 

 fo, we have at leaft two diffind fubftances joined together, and incor- 

 porated in the fame individual, however wonderful it may feem. And 

 this leads us to believe, that it is not improbable, far lefs impoffible, 

 that three diflindt fubflances may be united in man. What makes 

 the only difference in the cafe is, that, by the order of nature, the in- 

 telledual life cannot be without both the vegetable and animal ; where- 

 as, the vegetable can be without either of the other two ; but, tho' the 

 animal and intelledual be thus neceffarily conjoined, there is nothing 

 to hinder their being feparate and diftind in their nature, as well as 

 the animal and the vegetable. 



And that they are fo, I think, is evident from their different ener- 

 gies and operations : Nor is there any way by which we can de- 

 termine, that any two fubftarxes are of the fame or different fpecies, 

 except by their operations ; efpecially, if they be fubftances that have 

 not fhape or colour, or any iuch quality falling under the fenfes. 



Now, 



