298 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book 11. 



This dlftlndion being admitted,! define 'will to be * the determina- 

 * tion of intellect, to ^^, or not to ac? ;' but, as we cannot conceive in- 

 tdkCt to be determined, except by Tome motive, in order to make the 

 definition compleat, we mufl fay of what kind the motive is which de- 

 termines intelled : And I fay it is ^oody real, or apparent ; for, betwixt 

 thefe two, there is no difference in this argument. Now, good is nei- 

 ther a perception of fenfe, nor an image of fuch perception in the 

 phantafia, (for with thefe intellect is not converfant) ; but it is an idea, 

 and often a very complex idea, comprehending what is pleafant, what 

 is beautiful or handfome ; alfo, what is profitable to ourfelves or o- 

 thers, to our friends, to our country, and even to all mankind. 



And here we may perceive, that ivill^ by its nature and effence^ 

 muft be free in this refped, that its determinations are all from with- 

 in ; for, whatever influence external circumftances may have upon 

 our iz'il/i however we may be allured by pieafure, or overcome by 

 pain, ffill it is the intelledt itfelf which determines itfelf, according 

 to its apprehenfions of good or ill in things *. Freedom, therefore, 

 in this fenfe, being eflential to zvili, ivill smd/ree-ijuill are terms ab- 



folutely 



caji, be meziared by any part of itfelf; and, in like manner, nttmbery which is quan- 

 tity difcrete, can be meafured by number or by unit ; whereas qualities^ fuch as hst 

 and cildy black and luhite, hard ziid f oft y ike have no common meafure, and there- 

 fore cannCt be fcientincally compared together; for which reafon, as Ariftotle has ob- 

 fer.ved, in the chapter of his Categories concerning ^ualityy it is only of quantity that 

 T7e fay. That it is equal or unequaly t<rey xut «v»<r«» : whereas, to qualities, we can only 

 apply th^ term ji'ttav kuli i/^xXXii that is, more or lefs- For the fame reafon, he mij[ht 

 have faid, there can be no ratios or proportions of qualities ; for we cannot fay of them, 

 as Ave can fay of quantities, that the cne is a half or a third of the other. 



* When the mind, contrary to its inclination, is determined to do nny thing, that 

 mixture of choice and neceifity is, 1 think, well expreiTed by Homer, when he fays 

 that aperlcn did the thing, 



