3i6 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book III. 



fals, or categories, as they are called by Ariftotle, above which there 

 are none other ; for, as fliall be afterwards fhown, the whole doctrine 

 of the ryllogiftn depends upon the fubordination of generals, and the 

 one comprehending the other. And, lajily^ if there be no difference 

 betwixt fenfations and ideas, it is impollible to affign any chara^leriftical 

 and fpccific mark of difference betwixt man and hriite^ fuch as diftinguiihes 

 them in kind, and not in degree only; in which refpedt, the animals of 

 the fame fpecies are clearly diflinguifl^able one from another. Whereas, 

 if the difference betwixt ideas and fenfations be admitted, the diftinc- 

 tion is eafily made o^ kind, betwixt the two. Now, in order to per- 

 ceive this difference, I only defire that a man fliould look about him, 

 and confider the face of Nature, fuch as it prefents itfelf to him. In 

 the firfl place, there are a great many different objeds, which he per- 

 ceives by his fenfes ; and this the brute dues as well as he. But, Does 

 not man do fomething more ? Does not he arrange and diftribute thefe 

 cbjeds into different claffes ? Does not he confidtr fuch an animal, 

 fuch a vegetable, as belonging to a certain clals of beings ? And does 

 not he make thofe claffes an object of his contemplation, and a fubjedt 



of his thoughts and reafonings ? Now, I aflc. Whether the brute 



does fo ? and I think the anfwer muff be, That he does not. If fo, 

 there mufl: then be a fuperior faculty in man, by which he makes thofe 

 arrangeuicnts and dillributions, and forms thofe notions or claffes. 

 Now this faculty I call intelk^iy and thofe notions or claffes, which are 

 the ol)je(fts of it, ideas. And in this way, I fay, man is effeniially and 

 f^ ecilically diflinguiiiicd from the brute, not in degree only. 



In this manner, I think, the diftindion betwixt y2';z/3' and intelkSJy 

 Jenjatior.s and ideas^ and, confequently, ;;/^w and brute^ mult be obvious 

 to eveiv 'iian u. common ienfe, though he has learned no logic, nor 

 any iciencc oi a!«y kind. And, though I have faid a great deal alrea- 

 dy upon this uifftiencc, yet 1 hope the reader will forgive me for 



ftatmn: 



