Chap. II. ANT IE NT METAPHYSICS. 383 



Thofe, therefore, who would prove the truth of all propofitions, 

 even of axioii:is, by reducing them to identic propoiitions, do not, 1 

 imagine, know what they would be at. 



In order, therefore, to find out what kind of agreement or difagree- 

 ment of xXx? praedicate with \\\t fuhje^ makes a true propofition, we 

 muft try to difcover the feveral relations that a praedicate can have to 

 a fubjedt ; for it is evident that, in every true propofition, there muft 

 be a relation of one kind or another betwixt ihe praedicate and/ub- 



je^ : Now, thefe relations may be reduced to two general heads, the 

 relation of Genus and Species^ and that of Accident and Suhjlance *"; for 

 all propofuions muft either praedicate the genus of i\\Qjpecies^ as when 

 we praedicate animal of man^ hor/e^ or dog ; or the accident of th.Qfub' 



jlance in which it is inherent, as when we praedicate the colour, ivhite, 

 of any animal ; and it is only in one or other of thefe two ways that 



any thing can be praedicatcd of another f. 



And 



* The way that Ariftotle, in the fecond chapter of his Categories, exprefies thefe 

 two relations, is, by faying, that the firfl is Kxd* i7roy.(^/^ivov, when the genus is praedi- 

 catcd of the fpecies as a fubjcdl that is under it ; and the other, he fays, is £» vTriKtiui- 

 »«, when the accident is praedicated of the fubftance, as being in it, and not having 

 any exiftcnce without it ; for that is the true diftinclion betwixt crt;;4^2/3»x«j, or acci- 

 dentt and ««o-/«;, or fubjlance ; fubflance exifting by itfelf, and not in any thing elfe j 

 •whereas accident cannot fubfift by itfelf, but only in fubftance. 



t Ammonius, in his commentary upon the categories, page 59 obfervss, thnt" 

 there are three ways of praedicating ; the one, he fays, is *«t« (py»-i», or natural -, the 

 other, 7r«5<» <J)wc-<v, or unnatural ; and the third is, y-xTu (rvu^%iiv,x.ci^ or, b^ accident. Of 

 the firft kind of praedication are the two 1 have mtntioned, viz. when the genus is 

 praedicated of ih^ fpecies, or the accident of xhc fiihjiance. What he calls the unnatU' 

 r«/ pra' dication is, he fays, juft the rcverfe of this, as, when we praedicate xhcfiib' 

 fiance of thf- accident, or the Jf^ecies of the genus, or, what is the fiime thing, the indi- 

 ' viduai oi tht (pedes. Oi the firft, he gives this example, ro (piXoa-etpovv tovto Y.oK^ciTn; 

 to-Ti. "Where Socrates, the/?//y/a;/rd', is praedicated of the quality /A/Vo/o/'^^r- But 

 this unpi^tural praedication is plainly refoivcd into one that is natural ; for the propo- 

 fition come* juft to this, that the fubft;ince phi/ofophijtng, and the fubftance called 

 Socrates f are the fame j that is, the genus /W(?»//Vy is praedicated of the particular 



relation 



