Chap. IL ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. 385 



fubftance Is that which exifts by itfelf, and in which the accident is 

 inherent. 



As, therefore, the general idea of agreement or difagreement will 

 not account for the truth of propofitions, let us confider what parti- 

 cular agreement or d'ljagreement arifes from the two relations I have 

 mentioned betwixt the pracdicate and fubjed: of a proportion ; and 

 this will be pretty obvious from what has been already faid : For if, 

 in the firfl: kind of propofitions, the praedicate has really the relation 

 of genus to the fubject, as a fpecies under it, then is the propofition a 



true affirmative propofition. Again, if the praedicate has really 



not that relation to the fubje(5t, then is the propofition, which denies 

 that the fubje(St is a fpecies of the praedicate, a true negati'ue propor- 

 tion. And, in the other kind of propofitions, if the praedicate has re- 

 ally the relation of accident to xh^JubjeSi^ and is inherent in it, as ac- 

 cident is in fubftance ; then is the propofition a true affirmative pro- 

 pofition. Again, if the praedicate and fubjed have really not that 



relation to one another, then is the propofition, which denies the ex- 

 iftence of that relation betwixt them, a true negative propofition. 

 And thus we fee that the particular agreement or difagreement of 

 ideas, which make a true propofition, whether affirmative or negative., 

 is their agreeing or dilagreeing in the relation of genus and fpecies, or 

 of accident and fubftance. 



To illuftrate this by examples : When I praedicate animal of matty 

 or, when I fay, as we exprefs it in Knglifh, that ' Nlan is an Animal^ 

 it is a true affirmative propofition, becaufe animal is really the genus 



G^ man, Again, if! deny that anitnal cdn be praedicated oi dijloncy 



that is, if I lay, that ' An animal is not a ftone,' it is a true negative 

 propofition, animal not being the genus oi Jlone, And, with refpedt 

 to the other kind of propofitions, if I praedicate ivbite of ;;/j?/, or, in 

 other words, fay, that ' Man is white,' the propofition is a true aj- 



C c c Jirmative 



