Chap. XL ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. 473 



CHAP. XI. 



The Foundation oj all Sylloglfm^ and, confequently , of all Reafoning^ is, 

 that one Idea contains another as a Part of it — This illiift rated by 

 Exam-pies, and fJooivn to apply to all Kinds of Syllogfm — In ivhat 

 Sen/e one Idea can be f aid to contain another — The Genus contains the 

 Species, and therefore is praedicated of it — As the Genus contains the 

 Species, Jo the Species contains the Genus — The Rea/on ivhy this Diff- 

 culty has not occurred to Modern Sceptics — It did occur to Plato, but 

 is fohed neither by him nor Ariflotk — Solution of the Difficulty — 

 Illujirations from Material Things, fuch as Seals and Statues — Illujlra- 

 tion from Ideas in the Mind of an Artijl -^from the Intelligible 

 Forms in the Mind of the Supreme Artifl — Obfer'uations arifing from 

 this Theory — Primo, it appears houu Generals are the Caife of Parti- 

 culars — Secundo, It explains hoiv the Genus contains many Speciefes, 

 hut the Species only one Genus — Tertio, // explains the myfterious 

 Language of Plato concerning Ideas — Laftly, // fljoijus the Progrefs 

 of Things up'wards, and hoiv all Things tend to one. 



AL L demonftrative reafonlng, and, indeed, all reafonlng of every 

 kind, fuppules, not only the exiOence of generals, but that 

 there is a lubordmation of them, one to anotuer : Or, la other wordsy 

 that one idea is more general than another; and, that the lefs general 

 idea is contained in, and makes apart of the more general. And, ac- 

 cordingly, the whole do^rine of the fyllogifm, to which all demon- 



O o o ftrative 



