94 ANTIEXT METAPHYSICS. Book II. 



not prove tliein to be the fame, when they are fo different in other 

 refpcds. 



Anotlier objection is, that Brutes have Senfes, Memory, and Ima- 

 gination, as well as we ; and that a great part of Human, as well 

 as of Brute Life, is conduced by tliefe. To this I anfwer, that 

 Man being an Animal, as well as the Brute, muft liave the fame 

 faculties with the Brute, and muft, in part at leaf!:, live the life of 

 an Animal. Tliat Senfes are ellcntial to the Animal, — that an Ima- 

 gination a!fo, or Phanlafia, by which the objc'^s of Senfe are re- 

 tained in his Mind, is abfolutely necefTary for his oeconomy, is evi- 

 dent : And it is as ncGcfTary that he fliould know thofe obje£ts when 

 prefented to him again; and this is what is called ihe memory of a. 

 Brute. — But by all thcfe faculties no Ideas can be formed ; and 

 therefore the Brute ftill continues a Brute. 



3/w, It is faid that the Brute has the perception of Likenefles and 

 Differences, by which we form our general Ideas. But to this I 

 anfwer, that it is of abfolute neceffity for the oeconomy of his life, 

 that the Brute fliould know likenefles and differences to a certain 

 degree, otherwife he could not difliinguifli individuals, nor one of 

 his own fpecits from one of another ; but then he does not knov^r 

 wherein the likenefs, or wherein the difference, confifts. Now, it is 

 the knowledge of that, wliich makes a general Idea ; for, by know- 

 ing in what any thing is like its genus, and in what it differs from 

 other fpeciefes of the fame genus, that is, the fpecific difference, we 

 have the Idea of the Species. And, further, we generalize ; which 

 is abfolutely neceifary in forming the Ideas we fpeak of : This the 

 Brute cannot do, any more than he can difcern in what the likenefTes 

 and differences confift. Further, Man can feparate the form from the 

 matter, and make it a diftinct obje<3: of his contemplation : Neither 

 can the Brute do this j but he fees all fubftances as they exift in Nature, 



that 



