Cliap. III. A N T I E N T METAPHYSICS. 95 



tliat is, foii'i and matter mixed togctl'.er, with all the accidental 

 quaHtics belonging to the individual, and without being able to di- 

 llinguilli the Accidents from the Effence of the thing. And the 

 Man, who fays that a Brute can take off the Form of any of Nature's 

 works, might as well pretend that he could take off the Form of any 

 piece of human workmanfliip. 



4^19, It is faid, aUb, tliat Brutes have Confcioufnefs, bccaufe they 

 know what they have feen before ; therefore they muft perceive 

 that tlicy have perceived it, and fo can review their own operations. 

 But this does not follow : They have, it is true, a perception of 

 the fame objcd ; but they do not perceive that they have before 

 perceived. The cafe truly is, that the perception, being retained ia 

 their phantafia, is revived when the objedl is prefented again : 

 They have then a fecond perception of it, and they difcern the likenefs 

 betwixt it and the image in the phantafia, juft as they perceive the 

 likenefs betwixt animals of the fame fpecies ; but how or when the 

 image came there, they know not. And, as we have many things 

 in common with the animal, fo we have this too ; for we fometimes 

 fee a perfon that w^e are fure we have feen before, but how, or 

 -when, or where, we cannot tell ; that is to fay, we perceive the 

 likenefs betwixt the Man and the Image in our phantafia, but how 

 that Image came there we know not. Now, we cannot be faid to 

 be confcious of a perception which we have forgot ; for there can be 

 no confcioufnefs of what is paft, without memory : And it is im- 

 poffible the Mind can review an operation it knows nothing of. It 

 is true, the Man, though he cannot recolledt his former perception 

 has the Idea of the objedl being the fame with that he formerly per- 

 ceived. But the Idea of identity is an univerfal, which certainly 

 the Brute has not : His perception, therefore, is nothing but a 

 perception of Senfe, which muft be that of a known objed, other- 

 wife it could not be the perception in his phantafia revived. 



Thoib 



