96 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book II. 



Thofe, who would make the Brute confcious of his former percep- 

 tions, are not, I believe, aware that they give to him the power of 

 reflecting, or reviewing the operations of his own Mind — a faculty, 

 which even Mr Locke, though he confounds Senfations and Ideas, 

 docs not allow to the Brute ; and yet it is the neceflary confcquence 

 (fo inconfiftent is his philofophy of Mind) of his maintaining, that 

 every perception of the Brute, as well as of the Man, is attended 

 with Confcioufnefs. And, indeed, if Confcioufnefs could not be 

 diftinguiflied and feparated from Perception, it would be very diffi- 

 cult, if not impoflible, to diftinguifh Man from Brute. But I have 

 fhown, I think, evidently, that they are very often not conjoined, 

 even in our Minds ; and, if fo, we may eafily conceive that they 

 are never conjoined in an inferior Mind. The memory, therefore, 

 of the Brute, is no more than a fecond perception of the objedt in 

 his phantafia ; and, as I have obferved elfewhere *, is not, if we 

 would fpcak properly, memory^ but phantafia only. 



And here it may be proper to obferve, that, as we are, upon our 

 firft entrance on this ftage, nothing more than an Animal, and ac- 

 quire Intellect only in procefs of time, and by flow degrees, we 

 perceive things at firft juft as the Brute perceives them, diftinguifh- 

 ing fpeciefes in the fame confufed manner that they do, without 

 perceiving wherein the difference confifts : Nor have we, in our in- 

 fant ftate, any Confcioufnefs or RecoUeQion of our own operations. 

 "When, therefore, we have a fecond perception of any thing, though 

 we know it to be the fame with the image in our phantafia, we have 

 no Confcioufnefs of the firft perception. 



Lajily, It is faid that the Brute compares, and therefore he rea- 

 fons ; for, to reafon, is to compare. And it is fo. But, let us confi- 

 der what it is the Brute compares ; and then we fhall be able to di- 

 ftinguifh the reafoning, or comparative, faculty, which, no doubt, 



tlie 



^ Vol. I. p- 96. 



