134 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book III. 



Objcds, its Defires and Indinations, and, laftly, its Pleafures, the 

 Reader, it is hoped, will he prepared for what I am to undertake to 

 prove in this Chapter — That the Intelledtual Mind is a Being alto- 

 "•ethcr diftind from the Animal Life, as diflind as the Animal 

 Life is from the Vegetable. This I have endeavoured to prove in 

 my Firft Volume *; but, as the fubject is of fuch importance, I will 

 fay fomething more of it her?. 



There can be but two opinions upon this fubjed : One, that Intel- 

 led is nothing more than a fuperior faculty of the Animal Nature ; 

 —The other, that it belongs to a different Nature, and is a quality 

 of a fubftance altogether diftind from the Animal. 



In \\\tfr/l place, as wc know not the Subftance or Eflence of a- 

 ny Thing, we cannot judge of the difference of Things, otherwife 

 than by their qualities : And, if the Things we compare together 

 are Adive Bcirgs, it is their Energies and Operations that we are 

 chiefly to cor.fider ; and, if thefe appear to be eflentially different 

 in kind, not in degree, we ought to pronounce the Beings to be 

 likewife different ;n kind. Now, I think I have Ihown raofl; clear- 

 Jy, that the Operations and Fundions of the Animal Life are quite 

 different from thofe of the Intelledual Mind : And, indeed, the 

 difference is fo great, that Man, confidered as an Intelledual Being, 

 cannot be faid to be a Senfitive Being, which is the very definition of 

 an Animal ; becaufe it is by the Senfes the Animal Operates, and, in 

 tliat way, is diftinguiflied from the Vegetable. It is true, he operates 

 alfo by the Phantalia : But the Phantafia is a kind of Secondary Senfe, 

 and may be reckoned a Bodily Organ, as well as the Senfes. Then 

 .all hie affedions and difpofitions are referable to the Body. On the 

 other hand, the Intellcd does not operate either by the Senfes or 

 the Phantaiia, but, in a manner, as I have fhown, quite different ; 

 fo that, when we perceive external objeds by our Senfes, or Phan- 

 tafia, 

 • Book II. ch.ip. \7. 



