148 ANTIENT METAPMYSICS. Book III. 



believe, that tlie Body, in which they are all inherent, was that fub- 

 ftance, and that, when there was an end of it, there was an end of 

 them alfo. 



Further, tliis dodrine of the Intclledual Mind, or Soul, being a 

 feparate fubftance, not only {hows the impoflibility of Mr Locke's 

 notion of Matter thinking, but fhows us alfo the ground of his er- 

 ror ; for he thought, no doubt, that the faculty of Thinking was 

 no rnorc than an improvement, or refinement, of the Animal Life. 

 Now, if we Ihall likewife fuppofe that the Animal Life is notliing 

 more than the Vegetable exalted, and, as it were, fublimated, it is 

 hut going one ftep further to fuppofe, that the Vegetable is nothing 

 eli'e but Matter organized, and of a more artificial texture than com- 

 mon Matter : And, if fo, the whole of us is Material, the Soul as 

 well as the reft ; whereas, if the foul be a diftind fubftancc, it is 

 impoffible, as I have fhown, that either of the two Animating Prin- 

 ciples can be tranfmuted into it, much lefs that Matter can become 

 SouJ. 



The Human Soul, therefore, may be fitly compared to the Mafter 

 of a Ship, who fits at the helm^ and governs the vefl'el : This veflTel 

 muft be properly equipped with mafts and fails and all inftruments 

 or organs proper for navigation ; otherwife the Mafter cannot per- 

 form his office. In like manner, the Body muft have all the necef- 

 fary organs, and thcfe in good order; otherwife the Soul cannot per- 

 form its fundion of government. The next in command, under the 

 governour of this Veflel, is our Animal Nature ; and, under the 

 Animal, the Vegetable. Thefe two operate diredly and immedi- 

 ately, by their feveral organs or inftruments, which are parts of our 

 Bodies, in the fame manner as the Mafts, Sails, and Rigging, may 

 be faid to be parts of the Ship : Whereas, the Soul does not operate 

 immediately or diredly by thefe organs, but, like the Mafter of the 



Ship, 



