PREFACE, xxxiii 



read the Doric Fragment of Theages above-mentioned, I found it to 

 be laid down there, and full as well explained, though in very much 

 fewer words. When, fays Theages, there is a perfed agreement of all 

 the three feveral parts of the mind together, the Rational part 

 governing and leading, the Gvf^.og and I'tt^Qvi^icc obeying, then exifts 

 that virtue we call Jujicc, which is the perfedion of all the other 

 virtues ; being that without which there can be no harmony or 

 concord in the mind, and confequently no real virtue of any kind *. 

 And the comparifon of the human mind to a political ftate, which 

 runs through Plato's whole Books of Polity, and by which he illuf- 

 trates his notion of Juftice, appears to me to be taken, as well as the 

 dodrine itfelf, from the writings of the Pythagoreans ; for in this 

 work of Theages, the 0u^.o^ or irafcibk part of the mind, is faid to be 

 its Guard, or Military Force ; the Concup'ifcence is the Steward or 

 Economift ; while the Rational Principle, like the Council of State, 

 governs and direds the whole. 



Moreover, both Plato and Ariftotle agree in this, that there can 

 be no virtue without a fenfe of the ro kccXov, or the pule hrmn and 

 honejlum, Plato, whenever he treats of Morals, mentions the fenfe of 

 the TO y.oL\ov almoft in every page, as the fource of every thing great 

 or good in our adions ; and Ariftotle makes it a part of his definitions 

 of the virtues, that they are pradifed si/ejca rou j^aXoi/ ; that is, for the 

 fake of \\vtfair and handfome, which he fays is the end of virtue^!- 

 And this too is necelTarily derived from the nature and conftitution 

 of our mind as above explained ; for our intellea being the govern- 

 ing principle of our little world, it muft necefTarily be determined in 

 its deliberations by fome motive, and muft have fome objedl in view 

 which it purfues ; and that objed, as I have fhown %, can be no other 



Vol. III. f ^^^^'^ 



« Gale'j Colkaion^ ubi fupra, p. 683 and 689. 



t TouTo T£Xo? TV!? ApETvis, Lib. ill. Cap, 10. N'lcomacbia. 



X Vol. II. Book ii. Cap. 5 and 6. 



