272 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book IL 



tries, — Compnr'ifon^ in this refpecl^ of modern T'irnes 'with Antient. 

 — No Poor Houfes or Ho/pit als in antient Cities, — Degeneracy of 

 the Mind in Modern Times. 



THE reader, in the courfe of this work, will, I hope, always 

 keep in view the diftindion which I have made the founda- 

 tion of my Philolbphy of Man, betwixt his animal and intelledual 

 parts. Thefe two fubftances, being of natures very different, and 

 therefore having different interefls, are often at variance, and con- 

 tend for maftery with one another. In the early part of our life, 

 the animal is entirely predominant ; and we are altogether governed 

 by the two propenfities, which belong to the animal nature, and 

 which I have explained elfewhere *, Appetite and Anger. When 

 we are grown up, Reafon, which before did not appear, begins 

 now to claim that fuperiority, which, by Nature, belongs to it. 

 And here begins that ftate of the man, in which it is commonly 

 faid, that we are at variance with ourfelves ; and I obferve that ma- 

 ny of our philofophers fpeak in that way. This language would be 

 altogether abfurd, if we were truly but one fubftance ; for there is 

 no fuch thing in Nature as the fame individual fubflance being divi- 

 ded againfl itfelf. But Xenophon was better taught by his mafter 

 Socrates ; for he, in that fme ftory he tells in the Cyropedia f , in- 

 forms us, that we are two Selfs, and therefore are frequently at va- 

 riance with ourfelves. 



In the preceding chapters, the reader will be pleafed to remember 

 that I have been treating of our animal part, which, in the natural. 

 Aate of Man, is entirely predominant ; and, therefore, it is no won- 

 der that the body thrives fo well, and that we are fo much healthier, 

 bigger, ftronger, and longer lived, than in the civil flate; for there our 

 intellect exerts its power. And as, by Nature, what is lefs excellent, 



is 



* Vol. i. Book il. Cap. 9. Page 127. 



t Lib. V. In the converfation he relates betwixt Cyrus and the young man to 

 •whom he had intruded Panthaea. 



