Chap. VII. A N T I E N T METAPHYSICS. 201 



Further, Nature has not only given the animal ccrtaui appetites 

 and defires, but lias alfo fuggefted to him the proper means of gra- 

 tifying thofe defires : And it is in this chiefly that we achnire the in- 

 ftin6t of animals, which prompts them to do things that no human 

 intelligence could devife, and in a better manner than they could be 

 performed by the moll fkilful human artift. 



The animal Man mufl: therefore have all thofe qualities of Mind 

 belonging to other Animals. But, as I Imagine, he is fuperior to 

 .them, not only by his Intellect, but in his anijnal part, I be- 

 lieve he has all thofe qualities in a higher degree. His natural 

 appetites, for example, I hold to be ftronger ; his anger alfo, and his 

 courage and refolution to overcome difficulties and encounter dan- 

 gers, to be greater than thofe of other animals ; and that Inftin(fi:, or 

 natural fagacity, as it may be called, by which he contrives means 

 to gratify his defires, I believe, is greater than even that of the Bea- 

 ver, and fuch, as we are told, that of the Oran Outan is^ 



Such is the Mind of Man in the naturalftate ; and in that ftatc 

 it is, I think, evident that he muft be as happy at Icaft, or, perhaps, 

 happier than other animals, as his animal parts are fuperior to 

 theirs. The happinefs of the animal is as great as the plcafures of 

 the body can make it j and he feels no bodily pain, except what 

 may arife from external accident, to which animals in the natural 

 ftate are not near fo liable as thofe that are tamed and civilized. He 

 is fubjed: to no difeafes j and, when he dies, it is rather fleep than 

 death. He has pleafures of the Mind, as I have elfewhere obferved ''^■, 

 as well as of the Body ; nor is he afHicled with any pain of Mind 

 worth mentioning. He, therefore, enjoys a tranquility and com- 

 pofure of Mind, which is very rarely to be found in the civilized 

 Man, whofe Mind is difordered by various paffions unknown to the 

 mere animal, and who is often at variance with himfelf, being 

 Vol. III. C c dillraaed 



* Vol. II. Metapbyfics, p. 103, 



