Chap. IX. ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. 221 



great, that a man muft he a fcholar, and fomething more than an 

 ordinary fcholar, to have even an idea of the difficulty of the pro- 

 nunciation of it ; (for, as to the pradice, there is no man living has 

 it) ; and all this, over and above the difficulty of the grammar of it, 

 much more complex and various than that of any language now 

 fpoken. 



There is another thing to be obferved of men in the natural ftate, 

 that they have no idea of the fair and the handfome, nor any fenfe 

 of the pulchru77i and honejiinn in fentiments or actions j which is 

 particularly obferved by Diodorus Siculus and Agatharchides, in the 

 account they give us of the Fifh-Eaters upon the Red Sea * 

 And the reafon is plain, namely, that they are meie animals, and 

 have not yet acquired intelled:, without which it is impoffible they 

 can have that, or, indeed, any other idea properly fo called. But, 

 as foon as intelled: is formed, this idea grows up ; for, as I have 

 ihown elfewhere, it is the governing principle of the intelled:ual 

 nature, fo eflential to it, that who is entirely void of it does not de- 

 ferve the appellation of a Man. It is the fource of our nobleft and 

 our worft paffions, and is the motive of by far the greater part of 

 thofe anions, which may be called the adions of the Man, and not 

 of the mere Animal. It therefore appears, in the very firft ages 

 of fociety, under the various names of the virtues, — friendship, 

 generofity, heroic valour, patriotifm, and the like, or of the vi- 

 ces — pride, vanity, envy, anger, and revenge f- We have ittxi 

 how proud and ftately an Indian warriour is % ; but, among 

 men much lefs advanced in the arts of civil life, that quality 

 is predominant. The inhabitants of the Ladrone Iflands, though 

 without the ufe of {ut or clothes when they were firft difcovered 

 by the Spaniards, and with hardly any art of life except the ufe of 



fpecch, 



* See Page 49. 



t Metaphyf. Vol. ii. Book ii. Cap. 7. 



X Page 21?. 



