224 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book U, 



the leaft degree populous, without agriculture, pafturage, or fifti- 

 ing. 



2do^ I do not believe that men in the natural ftate breed fo faft, or 

 have fo many children, as men in a ftate of civilization, at leaft in 

 the firft ages of that ftate : And I think fo fron\ the analogy that I 

 conceive there is betwixt Man and other Animals. For, as I am 

 confidering Man at prefent only as an animal, I think I may fairly 

 argue from that analogy ; and particularly from the analogy betwixt 

 horfes or cattle and men, they being, as I have obferved *, all ani- 

 mals, who, by nature, live above ground day and night, and feed 

 upon vegetables, and whofe animal natures, therefore, muft be fuppo- 

 fed to have a great refemblance. With refped: to horfes, as we never let 

 them run out always, we cannot fo well compare their natural life with 

 their houfed : But, as to cattle, we know them in both ftates ; for the 

 cattle in the Weft Highlands of Scotland are never houfed, but run 

 out, fummer and winter ; whereas, in other parts of Scotland, and, 

 I believe, all over England, they are houfed, if not all the year, at 

 leaft a great part of it. Now, the cows that run out always never 

 take the bull till they are three years old, and very often not till they 

 are four ; and they feldom have a calf two years running, but ge- 

 nerally only one every other year: Whereas the houfed heifers admit 

 the bull when they are tvv'o years old, and fometimes when they are 

 only one ; and they have regularly a calf every year. 



There is another animal, whofe natural and domefticated ftates 

 we can compare together ; that is the dog. He does not refemblc 

 mrtPi near fo much as the horfe or ox does, being an animal of prey, 

 and earthing, or going under ground ; but he will ferve to ftiow 

 what difference, as to multiplication, houling makes. The wild bitch 



01 



» Pr,ge 78. 



