Chap. XI. AN T I E N T METAPHYSICS. ^^r^ 



guifhed from another : The confequence of which is, that, in each 

 individual are united all the three diflerences ; for he is different 

 from other individuals of the fame nation and family, likewife from, 

 individuals of different nations, and alfo from individuals of different 

 famiUes of the fame nation : At theXame time, there is in him a 

 likenefs, not only to the individuals of the fame nation and family, 

 but to other individuals of different nations and families. — Thus, it 

 appears that Nature is very properly faid by Horace to be, Rerutn 

 concordi^ difcors^ being a wonderful compofition of things like and 

 unlike. It is this variety of Nature which is the foundation of the 

 logical diftindions of Genua, Species, and Difference, which are in- 

 cluded in every definition, and virtually in every idea of any thing. 

 For it is only by thefe that we know any thing : And, however 

 flrange it may feem, it is no lefs true than flrange, that we knovv 

 nothing except in conne(ftion and relation with fomething elfe ; that 

 is, in other words, our Intellect perceives every thing in Syflem. 

 This is an obfervation very remote from common apprehenfion, 

 but which every man, who ftudies this univerfal philofophy, fhould 

 always have in view *. 



The caufe of all thefe differences and fingularities, is, according to 

 my philofophy, Mind, which conftitutes the effcnce of every thing, 

 making it that which it is, and diflinguiiliing it from every thing 

 elfe. But there are many philofophers among us, who afcribe all 

 thefe differences and fimilarities to material caufes, deriving even the 

 -properties of Mind from Body : And, particularly, the charaderiftical 

 marks of the diflindion of nations, whether in Body or Mind, 

 they fay, are owing to climate. 



This, with refped to the Body, is contradicted by fad and ob- 

 fervation : For, in the fame climate, we find men very different in 



H h 2 colour, 



* See what 1 have fald upon this fubje(fl, Vol. 11, p. 109. 131. 



