Chap. III. APPENDIX. 3SS 



As to the brutes that are domefticated, trained, and difciplined by 

 us, there are fome of th-em, fuch as the Dog and the Elephant, that, 

 by their natural inftintt, are diipofed to attach themfelves to our 

 fpecies, almoft as much as they are attached to their herds, or to 

 their families, in the natural Rate ; and fome of them alfo are much 

 more tra£lable and docile than others. We are therefore not to 

 wonder that the Dog and the Elephant are taught to do fuch extra- 

 ordinary things, '^for it is by teaching only they learn to do them), 

 or that they fhow fo much kindnefsand affectionate attachment to a 

 mafter who is kind to them ; which is fuch, that in its effedis it comes 

 very near to that virtue we call gratitude in Man : But there is this 

 eflential difference betwixt the two, that a Man who has the virtue 

 of gratitude, as well as any other virtue, muft be confcious of it, and 

 know the beauty of it j now, of this the Brute is incapable. 



There is one thing to be obferved in the Brute Life, which, I think, 

 makes it evident that they poffefs not that prime faculty of refled:- 

 ing, and making themfelves- the obje(3: of their own contemplation. 

 — The Brute is never diflatisfied with his condition, never envies or 

 repines, becaufe he is not confcious of his own condition, and, con- 

 fequently, does not compare it with that of any other. Whereas, 

 difcontent with our own condition, and envy of that of another, 

 makes a very confiderable part of human mifery. And it would 

 make the brutes as miferable as- we, if they could compare their fi- 

 tuation with that of other anima-ls of tne fame fpecies ; and ftill 

 more miferable, if they could compare it with animals of a higher 

 fpecies, which is further than human folly and vanity goes, at leaft 

 in moil men ; for I believe there are very few who repine that they 

 arc not angels or archangels, though there be many reafoncrs 

 upon the origin of moral evil, whofe arguments appear to me to rc- 

 folve all into a complaint, that they were created Men, and not In- 

 telligences of an higher degree. 



Y y 2 . The 



