358 A P V E N D I X. Chap. III. 



lofopher of later times, I mean Porphyry, one of the greateft phi- 

 lofophers of the Alexandrian School, has maintained, in his trea- 

 tife De Abjlinentia^ that the Brutes have Intelligence as well as 

 we, different from ours only in degree. And this opinion he 

 pretends to fupport by the authority of Plato and Ariftotle. But 

 in this he is certainly millaken ; for it is evident that both Plato 

 and Arlftotle diftinguifhed clearly from one another the nqus and the 

 •iux>5, that is. Intelligence 2.xi^ Animal Life, And Ariftotle particu- 

 larly has laid, in fo many words, that the No'j?,'or Soul^ is fomething 

 divine, and has qualities, when in a flate of feparation from the 

 body, quite different from thofe of the animal life*. And the fame 

 is the doiflrine, as I have obferved f, of an older and better fchool of 

 philofophy than either that of Plato or Arlftotle, I mean that of Py- 

 thagoras, the beft fchool of philofophy that ever was in Europe, and 

 from which every thing that is valuable in the other two philofo- 

 phies is taken, as is evident, both from the teftimony of the philofo- 

 phers of the Alexandrian School, fuchas Porphyry and Jamblichus f, 

 who had ftudied it very diligently in books which are now loft, and 

 from fomc moft precious fragments of it, that are ftill preferved, 

 fuch as Timaeus, De An'ima Mund'i^ and Archytas, Of the Prin- 

 ciples ofT'bings^ from which Ariftolle has taken his Categories^ be- 

 fides feveral very valuable fragments, coUeded by Gale, in his 0- 

 pufcula Mythologica. 



What, I am perfuaded, has led Porphyry into this error, is the not 

 diftinguifhing betwixt Reafon and Intellect ; a diftindion which, as 

 I have obferved elfewhere §, the Antients made ; but by reafoning 

 they meant no more than comparing. Now, it is certainly true that 



the 



* Vol. i. p. 140. 141. — 167. 



t Page 348. 



X See Porphyry's Life of Pythagoras, and Jamblkhus's Life of the fame philofo- 



pher, quoted above, p. 348. 



§ Vol. i. p. 101. See alfo Orig. and Prog, of Language, Vol. i. Edit. 2d, p. 



81. 100. where, the reader will find an explication of the word xoyo^y which is the 



Greek word for Reafon^ as diflind from Nay? or IntelUcf. 



