Chap. IIL APPENDIX. SS9 



the Brutes rcafoa in this fcnfe, when they compare together their 

 perceptions of Senfc. AnJ, in confeqiience of that comparifon, they 

 may he faid to form opinions, and to determine themfelves to a(3: in 

 fuch and fuch a way : And, accordingly, I obferve that Plato joins 

 Senfe and Opinion together ; and it is by thefe, he fays, that we 

 know things that have no real or permanent exigence, that is, all 

 corporeal things, or things of pafl'age, that is, in generation and 

 corruption "^. But neither Plato nor Ariftotle ever faid or thought 

 that the Brutes compared Ideas, or, indeed, that they had Ideas, or 

 any comprehenfion of thofe invifible and eternal things, which a- 

 lone, in their language, are faid to exift f. 



Another realon may be given why Porphyry was inclined to maintain 

 this opinion, more at leaft than he would otherwiie have been, name- 

 ly, that, as he was arguing againft the killing of animals for food, it 

 furnifhed, no doubt, a very ftrong argument againft that pra<Stice, 

 if he could prove that the Brutes had Minds fuch as ours ; for then 

 the killing and eating of brutes was no better than the killing and 

 eating thofe of our own fpecies. 



Having thus defended the humanity of Man, if I may fo fpeak, 

 it will not be improper to fay fomething in addition to what I have 

 already faid concerning the humanity of the OrangOutang in this 

 Volume, and in the Pirft Volume of the Origin and Progrefs of 

 Language \., The French gentleman above mentioned, who has 



publifhed 



* See the paflage from Plato, quoted p. 339, 



f See what I have faid upon this fubjeft, Vol. ii. p. 97. where I have lho^Vll that 

 the reafoning or comparative fxculty can only be exercifed in three ways, viz. by 

 comparing Senfations Avith Senfations, in which 'A'ay only I fay the Brute compares — 

 Ideas with Ideas — or Senfations with Ideas. In thefe two laft ways the Brute cannot 

 compare, becaufe he has not Ideas. 



:}; Second Edition, Book ii. Chap. 4. and 5. 



