362 APPENDIX. Chap. III. 



dinaiy to a man who has (ludled logic and the antient philofophy. For 

 he mufl: know how to dlftingiiUh betwixt a genus and a fpecies, and 

 betwixt the lowed fpeciesof any genus, which is only a fpecies, and the 

 higher, which are both genufesand fpeciefes in different refpeds : And 

 he muillikewife know, that the loweft fpecies of any genus is incapable 

 of any fubdivifion into other fpeciefes ; for the animals of that fpecies 

 muft either have the fpeciiic difference, which diftinguifhes them 

 from other fpeciefes of the fame genus, or they have it not ; and 

 betwixt thefe two there can be no medium *. Thus, Man is one of 

 the loweft fpeciefes of the genus Animal ; the fpecific and diftin- 

 <^uifhing difference of which is the being rational^ and having the 

 capacity of hit elk ^ andfcience f. Thefe qualities, therefore, the O- 

 rano- Outan^ mufl: have, otherwife he is not a man ; and, though 

 he have them in a Icfs degree than others of the fame fpecies, he is 

 not, for that, of a different fpecies, but only an inferior animal of 



the fame J. 



What 



* What I have faiJ here concerning genus and fpecies is fliortly faid j but it is 

 explained at fome length in the Fifth Chapter of the Second Book of the Firft Vo- 

 lume of theOrig.andProg. of Language, (Second Edition), where, I will venture to fay, 

 that the reader will find that divifion of things mto genus and fpecies, which is tlic 

 foundation of all logic, and hkewife the nature of definition, which is effential to all 

 fcience better explained than in any modern book that has fallen into my hands. 

 And he may be inftru£led by what is there faid, if he be not one of thofe great gcni- 

 iifes of the prefent age, who think they can do without the or.ganum of plailofophy, 

 and of all fciences, as the antlents called Logic, being that art which Cicero 

 recommends fo much, calling it, ' Omnium artium maxima, quae docet rem u- 

 < niverfam tribuere in partes", latentem expHcarc definiendo,' &c. ; Brutus^ Sive de 



Claris Orat. 



f Of the diftinflion betwixt the rational or comparative faculty and the InteUcciual, 



fee what I have faid above, p. 359. 



t If the reader defircs to be more particularly informed of the diflindion betwixt 

 fpecific differences and 'variations of the fpecies ^ and betwixt variations of the fpecies and 

 variations of the Individual y he may confult the above quoted Firft Volume of the O- 

 rlgin and Progrefs of Language, p. 307. Second Edition. 



